A Novel Electrochemical Process for Desulfurization in the CaO-SiO-AlO System.

The effect of electric potential on the sulfide capacity of the CaO-SiO-AlO system was evaluated by applying voltages in the range of -1.5 to 1.5 V at 1823 K in a C/CO gas equilibrium.

Association of transcriptional levels of folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism-related genes in cancer cell lines with drug treatment response.

Folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism is essential for growth and survival of cancer cells. We investigated whether the response of cancer cells to antitumor treatment may be partially influenced by variation in expression of one-carbon metabolism genes. We used cancer cell line information from the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia and the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer resources to examine whether variation in pretreatment expression of one-carbon metabolism-related genes was associated with response to treatment.

Identification of pharmacodynamic biomarkers and common molecular mechanisms of response to genotoxic agents in cancer cell lines.

Purpose: Genotoxic agents (GAs) including cisplatin, doxorubicin, gemcitabine, and topotecan are often used in cancer treatment. However, the response to GAs is variable among patients and predictive biomarkers are inadequate to select patients for treatment. Accurate and rapid pharmacodynamics measures of response can, thus, be useful for monitoring therapy and improve clinical outcomes.

A study on Zn recovery from other metals in the spent mixed batteries through a sequence of hydrometallurgical processes.

A study on selective separation of Zn from a leaching solution by disposal batteries including various type batteries was carried out to understand the recovery behaviour of Zn in leaching solution. Selective recovery of Zn in leaching solution including Mn, Cd, Cu ion was difficult due to its similar physicochemical behaviour. Experiment results by present leaching solution with 279 µm undersize indicated that the best condition for leaching is 1 M HSO, 250 rpm, 5 vol.

Birinapant (TL32711) Improves Responses to GEM/AZD7762 Combination Therapy in Triple-negative Breast Cancer Cell Lines.

Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive form of breast cancer currently lacking targeted therapies. Our previous work demonstrated a therapeutic synergism with gemcitabine (GEM) and the CHK1 inhibitor (AZD7762) combination treatment in a TNBC cell line. We hypothesized that the response to this combination therapy would differ among heterogeneous TNBC patients and that addition of a SMAC mimetic (TL32711) could improve efficacy.

Partners in crime: Genes within an amplicon collude to globally deregulate chromatin in lymphoma.

In this issue of Cancer Cell, Rui et al. identify JAK2 and JMJDC2 as two contiguous, coamplified oncogenes in primary mediastinal B cell and Hodgkin lymphoma. Together, JAK2 and JMJD2C induce major changes in chromatin structure and gene expression.

The MMSET histone methyl transferase switches global histone methylation and alters gene expression in t(4;14) multiple myeloma cells.

The multiple myeloma SET domain (MMSET) protein is overexpressed in multiple myeloma (MM) patients with the translocation t(4;14). Although studies have shown the involvement of MMSET/Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome candidate 1 in development, its mode of action in the pathogenesis of MM is largely unknown. We found that MMSET is a major regulator of chromatin structure and transcription in t(4;14) MM cells.

Transcriptional profiling of polycythemia vera identifies gene expression patterns both dependent and independent from the action of JAK2V617F.

Purpose: To understand the changes in gene expression in polycythemia vera (PV) progenitor cells and their relationship to JAK2V617F.

Experimental Design: Messenger RNA isolated from CD34(+) cells from nine PV patients and normal controls was profiled using Affymetrix arrays. Gene expression change mediated by JAK2V617F was determined by profiling CD34(+) cells transduced with the kinase and by analysis of leukemia cell lines harboring JAK2V617F, treated with an inhibitor.

Gene expression signatures predictive of early response and outcome in high-risk childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A Children's Oncology Group Study [corrected].

Purpose: To identify children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) at initial diagnosis who are at risk for inferior response to therapy by using molecular signatures.

Patients And Methods: Gene expression profiles were generated from bone marrow blasts at initial diagnosis from a cohort of 99 children with National Cancer Institute-defined high-risk ALL who were treated uniformly on the Children's Oncology Group (COG) 1961 study. For prediction of early response, genes that correlated to marrow status on day 7 were identified on a training set and were validated on a test set.

The MMSET protein is a histone methyltransferase with characteristics of a transcriptional corepressor.

MMSET, identified by its fusion to the IgH locus in t(4;14)-associated multiple myeloma, possesses domains found within chromatin regulators, including the SET domain. MMSET protein is overexpressed and highly associated with chromatin in myeloma cell lines carrying t(4;14). MMSET possesses methyltransferase activity for core histone H3 lysine 4 and histone 4 lysine 20, whereas MMSET made in cells only modified H4.

Diverse pathways mediate chemotherapy-induced cell death in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines.

Cancer cell resistance to chemotherapy may be mediated by defects in apoptotic pathways. A prior study showed that in vivo apoptosis of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) blasts in response to chemotherapy could occur through diverse pathways including both p53-dependent and -independent mechanisms. In this study we investigated the apoptotic response in more detail by using a panel of ALL cell lines that differed in respect to p53 status.

Biologic pathways associated with relapse in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a Children's Oncology Group study.

Outcome for children with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who relapse is poor. To gain insight into the mechanisms of relapse, we analyzed gene-expression profiles in 35 matched diagnosis/relapse pairs as well as 60 uniformly treated children at relapse using the Affymetrix platform. Matched-pair analyses revealed significant differences in the expression of genes involved in cell-cycle regulation, DNA repair, and apoptosis between diagnostic and early-relapse samples.

Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the age of genomics.

The recent sequencing of the human genome and technical breakthroughs now make it possible to simultaneously determine mRNA expression levels of almost all of the identified genes in the human genome. DNA "chip" or microarray technology holds great promise for the development of more refined, biologically-based classification systems for childhood ALL, as well as the identification of new targets for novel therapy. To date gene expression profiles have been described that correlate with subtypes of ALL defined by morphology, immunophenotype, cytogenetic alterations, and response to therapy.

Gene expression profiling reveals intrinsic differences between T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma.

Background: T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LL) and are often thought to represent a spectrum of a single disease. The malignant cells in T-ALL and T-LL are morphologically indistinguishable, and they share the expression of common cell surface antigens and cytogenetic characteristics. However, despite these similarities, differences in the clinical behavior of T-ALL and T-LL are observed.

Site-specific cross-linking of proteins through tyrosine hexahistidine tags.

The genetic addition of hexahistidine (H(6)) tags is widely used to isolate recombinant proteins by immobilized metal-affinity chromatography (IMAC). Addition of a tyrosine residue to H(6) tags enabled proteins to be covalently cross-linked under mild conditions in a manner similar to the natural, site-specific cross-linking of tyrosines into dityrosine. A series of seven hexahistidine tags with tyrosines placed in various positions (H(6)Y tags) were added to the amino terminus of the I28 immunoglobulin domain of the human cardiac titin.

Individualized therapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

In the field of oncology, a growing emphasis is now being placed on individualizing treatment in a way that maximizes chance for cure while minimizing unwanted side effects. In childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), several well-established clinical and biologic prognostic variables have traditionally been used to risk stratify therapy for individual patients. While this approach has been very successful, many relapses still occur unpredictably in patients characterized as having favorable features of their disease at diagnosis.

Pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

The outcome for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has improved dramatically with current therapy resulting in an event free survival exceeding 75% for most patients. However significant challenges remain including developing better methods to predict which patients can be cured with less toxic treatment and which ones will benefit from augmented therapy. In addition, 25% of patients fail therapy and novel treatments that are focused on undermining specifically the leukemic process are needed urgently.