Angiotensin Receptor Blockers and the Risk of Suspected Drug-Induced Liver Injury: A Retrospective Cohort Study Using Electronic Health Record-Based Common Data Model in South Korea.

Introduction: Angiotensin receptor blockers are widely used antihypertensive drugs in South Korea. In 2021, the Korea Ministry of Food and Drug Safety acknowledged the need for national compensation for a drug-induced liver injury (DILI) after azilsartan use. However, little is known regarding the association between angiotensin receptor blockers and DILI.

Patient-Centered Economic Burden of Exudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD), one of the leading causes of blindness, requires expensive drugs such as anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents. The long-term regular use of effective but expensive drugs causes an economic burden for patients with exudative AMD. However, there are no studies on the long-term patient-centered economic burden of exudative AMD after reimbursement of anti-VEGFs.

Prediction of Visual Outcomes After Diabetic Vitrectomy Using Clinical Factors From Common Data Warehouse.

Purpose: We sought to analyze the visual outcome and systemic prognostic factors for diabetic vitrectomy and predicted outcomes using these factors.

Methods: This was a multicenter electronic medical records (EMRs) review study of 1504 eyes with type 2 diabetes that underwent vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy at 6 university hospitals. Demographics, laboratory results, intra-operative findings, and visual acuity (VA) values were analyzed and correlated with visual outcomes at 1 year after the vitrectomy.

Comparison of Netarsudil/Latanoprost Therapy with Latanoprost Monotherapy for Lowering Intraocular Pressure: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Purpose: Netarsudil is a Rho kinase inhibitor and the first new class of clinically useful ocular hypotensive agents. In this study, we conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis to summarize and synthesize the available evidence on the efficacy and safety of fixed-dose combination (FDC) therapy with netarsudil/latanoprost in patients with glaucoma.

Methods: We identified relevant studies in PubMed, Ovid Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Central until April 2021.

Real-world treatment intensities and pathways of macular edema following retinal vein occlusion in Korea from Common Data Model in ophthalmology.

Despite many studies, optimal treatment sequences or intervals are still questionable in retinal vein occlusion (RVO) macular edema. The aim of this study was to examine the real-world treatment patterns of RVO macular edema. A retrospective analysis of the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership Common Data Model, a distributed research network, of four large tertiary referral centers (n = 9,202,032) identified 3286 eligible.

Long-term prediction models for vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy using medical features from data warehouse.

We sought to evaluate the performance of machine learning prediction models for identifying vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy (VTDR) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus using only medical data from data warehouse. This is a multicenter electronic medical records review study. Patients with type 2 diabetes screened for diabetic retinopathy and followed-up for 10 years were included from six referral hospitals sharing same electronic medical record system (n = 9,102).

Real-world incidence of endopthalmitis after intravitreal anti-VEGF injections in Korea: findings from the Common Data Model in ophthalmology.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the real-world incidence of endophthalmitis after intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections using data from the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) Common Data Model (CDM).

Methods: Patients with endophthalmitis that developed within 6 weeks after intravitreal anti-VEGF injections were identified in 3 large OMOP CDM databases.

Results: We identified 23,490 patients who received 128,123 intravitreal anti-VEGF injections.

Association between the use of allopurinol and risk of increased thyroid-stimulating hormone level.

Allopurinol is the first-line agent for patients with gout, including those with moderate-to-severe chronic kidney disease. However, increased thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels are observed in patients with long-term allopurinol treatment. This large-scale, nested case-control, retrospective observational study analysed the association between allopurinol use and increased TSH levels.

Semi-AI and Full-AI digitizer: The ways to digitalize visual field big data.

Background And Objective: Glaucoma is one of the major diseases that cause blindness, which is incurable and irreversible, and it is essential to detect glaucoma vision deficits in treatment and check the progression of vision disorders in advance. In order to minimize the risk of glaucoma, it is necessary not only to diagnose and observe glaucoma but also to predict prognosis via indicators from Visual Field (VF) tests. However, information from the VF test cannot be directly used in clinical studies because most medical institutions store VF test sheets in Portable Document Format (PDF) or image files in different standards.

Machine learning prediction of pathologic myopia using tomographic elevation of the posterior sclera.

Qualitative analysis of fundus photographs enables straightforward pattern recognition of advanced pathologic myopia. However, it has limitations in defining the classification of the degree or extent of early disease, such that it may be biased by subjective interpretation. In this study, we used the fovea, optic disc, and deepest point of the eye (DPE) as the three major markers (i.

An innovative strategy for standardized, structured, and interoperable results in ophthalmic examinations.

Background: Although ophthalmic devices have made remarkable progress and are widely used, most lack standardization of both image review and results reporting systems, making interoperability unachievable. We developed and validated new software for extracting, transforming, and storing information from report images produced by ophthalmic examination devices to generate standardized, structured, and interoperable information to assist ophthalmologists in eye clinics.

Results: We selected report images derived from optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Relationship between eyelid margin irregularity and meibomian gland dropout.

Purpose: To examine the relationship between lid margin abnormalities and meibomian gland loss in infrared meibography.

Methods: This study was a retrospective chart review of 170 patients with dry eye disease. A correlation analysis between eyelid margin abnormalities and meibomian gland dropout in infrared meibography was performed using data from 141 eyes.

Dexamethasone Intravitreal Implant for Early Treatment and Retreatment of Macular Edema Related to Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion: The Multicenter COBALT Study.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of dexamethasone intravitreal implant for macular edema (ME) following branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) in Korean patients.

Methods: We performed a prospective, open-label, multicenter study of 71 patients with ME for < 3 months. Retreatment was allowed ≥4 months from the last injection.

Ultrasonography-guided pulsed radiofrequency of sciatic nerve for the treatment of complex regional pain syndrome Type II.

Although the major mechanism of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) involves dysfunctional central or sympathetic nervous system activation, the peripheral nervous system also contributes significantly to its clinical manifestations. Pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) is a recently developed treatment option for neuropathic pain syndromes. Here, we report a case of CRPS Type II after a femur fracture and sciatic nerve injury, in which the pain was treated successfully with ultrasonography-guided selective sciatic nerve PRF application.

Antiapoptotic effects of anthocyanin from the seed coat of black soybean against oxidative damage of human lens epithelial cell induced by H2O2.

Purpose: To describe the protective effect of anthocyanin from black soybean in human lens epithelial cell line (HLE-B3) under H2O2-induced oxidative stress.

Methods: Cytotoxicity of anthocyanin and H2O2 were determined by Cell Counting Kit-8 test. Viability of HLE-B3 cells under various H2O2 concentration (0, 50 and 100 μM) with or without pretreatment of anthocyanin (0, 50, 100 and 200 μg/ml) was measured.

A case of Korean patient with macular corneal dystrophy associated with novel mutation in the CHST6 gene.

To report a novel mutation within the CHST6 gene, as well as describe light and electron microscopic features of a case of macular corneal dystrophy. A 59-year old woman with macular corneal dystrophy in both eyes who had decreased visual acuity underwent penetrating keratoplasty. Further studies including light and electron microscopy, as well as DNA analysis were performed.

Impact of β-1,3-glucan isolated from Euglena gracilis on corneal epithelial cell migration and on wound healing in a rat alkali burn model.

Purpose: To determine the impact of β-1,3-glucan isolated from Euglena gracilis on corneal epithelial cell migration and on wound healing in a rat alkali burn model.

Methods: Immortalized human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) were cultured in media with 50, 100 and 200 μg/mL laminarin (β-1,3- and β-1,6-glucans), β-1,3-glucan and hyaluronic acid (HA)-conjugated β-1,3-glucan; Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM)/nutrient mixture F-12 (negative control) and serum containing DMEM/nutrient mixture F-12 (positive control). Migration assays were conducted via the manual scraping of HCECs.

Effects of 17β-estradiol on human corneal wound healing in vitro.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of 17β-estradiol on corneal wound healing, particularly on epithelial mitosis and migration.

Methods: Immortalized human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) were cultured in media with different concentrations of 17β-estradiol (10, 50, 100, and 200 pg/mL), Dulbecco modified Eagle medium: Nutrient Mixture F-12 (negative control), and serum-containing Dulbecco modified Eagle medium: Nutrient Mixture F-12 (positive control). After 6 or 24 hours of hormone treatment, to evaluate the migratory potential of 17β-estradiol, wound healing assays were conducted via the manual scraping of HCECs and western blot analysis of fibronectin and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9).

Anesthetic management in patients suspected of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease -A case report-.

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder in which accumulation of the pathogenic prion protein induces neuronal damage and results in distinct pathologic features. This abnormal prion is an infectious protein and resistant to methods of sterilization currently being used. Therefore, management of definite, or suspected CJD patients requires additional precautions.

Effect of charcoal filter on the emergence from sevoflurane anesthesia in a semi-closed rebreathing circuit.

Purpose: A charcoal filter attached within the anesthetic circuit has been shown to efficiently adsorb halothane or isoflurane, thus hastening anesthetic recovery in low or minimal flow system. This study was intended to demonstrate whether the charcoal filter enhances the recovery time from sevoflurane anesthesia using a semi-closed circuit system.

Materials And Methods: Thirty healthy patients scheduled for elective surgery under sevoflurane anesthesia were randomly assigned to the charcoal filter or control group.

Pulmonary hemorrhage accompanied with pulmonary edema induced by endotracheal tube occlusion in a child: A case report.

Negative pressure induced pulmonary edema due to upper airway obstruction is a well-recognized problem. However, negative pressure pulmonary hemorrhage is extremely uncommon. We report a child who developed negative pressure pulmonary hemorrhage following acute airway obstruction caused by clench of endotracheal tube during emergence of anesthesia.

Effect of various anesthetic induction agents on blood magnesium and calcium concentration.

Background: Decrease in blood magnesium and calcium concentration is associated with an increase in the incidence of arrhythmia, especially during the induction period. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the effects of propofol, pentothal sodium, and sevoflurane on calcium and magnesium concentration.

Methods: Thirty-six premedicated, ASA grade I patients were selected and randomly allocated into 3 groups.

Postoperative intravenous patient-controlled analgesia in thyroid surgery: comparison of fentanyl and ondansetron regimens with and without the nonsteriodal anti-inflammatory drug ketorolac.

Background: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), through synergistic action with opioids, can reduce postoperative nausea and vomiting via intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (PCA). We compared the efficacy of three PCA regimens.

Methods: Patients (n = 135) undergoing thyroidectomy were randomly allocated to three PCA regimens.