Driving towards digital biomanufacturing by CHO genome-scale models.

Genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs) of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are valuable for gaining mechanistic understanding of mammalian cell metabolism and cultures. We provide a comprehensive overview of past and present developments of CHO-GEMs and in silico methods within the flux balance analysis (FBA) framework, focusing on their practical utility in rational cell line development and bioprocess improvements. There are many opportunities for further augmenting the model coverage and establishing integrative models that account for different cellular processes and data for future applications.

Exploring metabolic effects of dipeptide feed media on CHO cell cultures by in silico model-guided flux analysis.

There is a growing interest in perfusion or continuous processes to achieve higher productivity of biopharmaceuticals in mammalian cell culture, specifically Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, towards advanced biomanufacturing. These intensified bioprocesses highly require concentrated feed media in order to counteract their dilution effects. However, designing such condensed media formulation poses several challenges, particularly regarding the stability and solubility of specific amino acids.

Debottlenecking and reformulating feed media for improved CHO cell growth and titer by data-driven and model-guided analyses.

Designing and selecting cell culture media along with their feeding are a key strategy to maximize culture performance in biopharmaceutical processes. However, the sensitivity of mammalian cells to their culture environment necessitates specific nutritional requirements for their growth and the production of high-quality proteins such as antibodies, depending on the cell lines and operational conditions employed. In this regard, previously we developed a data-driven and in-silico model-guided systematic framework to investigate the effect of growth media on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell culture performance, allowing us to design and reformulate basal media.

Mitigating biomass composition uncertainties in flux balance analysis using ensemble representations.

The biomass equation is a critical component in genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs): it is used as the objective function in flux balance analysis (FBA). This equation accounts for the quantities of all known biomass precursors that are required for cell growth based on the macromolecular and monomer compositions measured at certain conditions. However, it is often reported that the macromolecular composition of cells could change across different environmental conditions and thus the use of the same single biomass equation in FBA, under multiple conditions, is questionable.

Copper-Based Compounds against Erwinia amylovora: Response Parameter Analysis and Suppression of Fire Blight in Apple.

Fire blight, caused by Erwinia amylovora, is one of the major bacterial disease of apple and pear, causing enormous economic losses worldwide. Several control measures against E. amylovora have been reported till date, however, none of them have proved to be effective significantly against the pathogen.

High Throughput 3D Cell Migration Assay Using Micropillar/Microwell Chips.

The 3D cell migration assay was developed for the evaluation of drugs that inhibit cell migration using high throughput methods. Wound-healing assays have commonly been used for cell migration assays. However, these assays have limitations in mimicking the in vivo microenvironment of the tumor and measuring cell viability for evaluation of cell migration inhibition without cell toxicity.

Data-driven and model-guided systematic framework for media development in CHO cell culture.

Proposed herein is a systematic media design framework that combines multivariate statistical approaches with in silico analysis of a genome-scale metabolic model of Chinese hamster ovary cell. The framework comprises sequential modules including cell culture and metabolite data collection, multivariate data analysis, in silico modeling and flux prediction, and knowledge-based identification of target media components. Two monoclonal antibody-producing cell lines under two different media conditions were used to demonstrate the applicability of the framework.

Feasibility of Serum Pentosidine Level as a Potential Risk Factor for Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fracture.

Study Design: Feasibility study.

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility of using serum pentosidine level as a potential marker for osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF).

Overview Of Literature: A review of previous studies suggests a negative correlation between serum pentosidine concentration and bone strength.

The changes of cerebral hemodynamics during ketamine induced anesthesia in a rat model.

Current electroencephalogram (EEG) based-consciousness monitoring technique is vulnerable to specific clinical conditions (eg, epilepsy and dementia). However, hemodynamics is the most fundamental and well-preserved parameter to evaluate, even under severe clinical situations. In this study, we applied near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) system to monitor hemodynamic change during ketamine-induced anesthesia to find its correlation with the level of consciousness.

Differential modulation of thalamo-parietal interactions by varying depths of isoflurane anesthesia.

The thalamus is thought to relay peripheral sensory information to the somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobe. Long-range thalamo-parietal interactions play an important role in inducing the effect of anesthetic. However, whether these interaction changes vary with different levels of anesthesia is not known.

Monitoring cerebral oxygenation and local field potential with a variation of isoflurane concentration in a rat model.

We aimed to investigate experimentally how anesthetic levels affect cerebral metabolism measured by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and to identify a robust marker among NIRS parameters to discriminate various stages of anesthetic depth in rats under isoflurane anesthesia. In order to record the hemodynamic changes and local field potential (LFP) in the brain, fiber-optic cannulae and custom-made microelectrodes were implanted in the frontal cortex of the skull. The NIRS and LFP signals were continuously monitored before, during and after isoflurane anesthesia.

Effect of the ZnS Shell Layer on the Electrical Properties of Organic Bistable Devices Fabricated Utilizing CdSe/CdS/ZnS Core-Shell-Shell Quantum Dots Embedded in a Poly(methylmethacrylate) Layer.

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra showed that the synthesized elements of the CdSe/CdS/ ZnS QDs were Cd, Se, Zn, and S. Organic bistable devices (OBDs) containing CdSe/CdS/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) and a poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) layer were fabricated on indium-tin-oxide (ITO)-deposited glass substrates. Current-voltage (I-V) curves showed that the memory margin of the Al/(CdSe/CdS/ZnS QDs) embedded in PMMA layer/ITO device at 300 K was larger than that of the device without a ZnS shell layer.

Changes in thalamo-frontal interaction under different levels of anesthesia in rats.

Anesthesia is thought to be mediated by inhibiting the integration of information between different areas of the brain. Long-range thalamo-cortical interaction plays a critical role in inducing anesthesia-related unconsciousness. However, it remains unclear how this interaction change according to anesthetic depth.

Microstructural and optical properties of CdSe/CdS/ZnS core-shell-shell quantum dots.

CdSe/CdS/ZnS core-shell-shell quantum dots (QDs) were synthesized by using a solution process. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy images and energy dispersive spectroscopy profiles confirmed that stoichiometric CdSe/CdS/ZnS core-shell-shell QDs were formed. Ultraviolet-visible absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectra of CdSe/CdS/ZnS core-shell-shell QDs showed the dominant excitonic transitions from the ground electronic subband to the ground hole subband (1S(e)-1S(3/2)(h)).

Effectiveness of Doppler Image of the Vertebral Artery as an Anatomical Landmark for Identification of Ultrasound-Guided Target Level in Cervical Spine.

Study Design: A prospective sonographic study.

Purpose: To verify the effectiveness of simultaneous application of two landmarks, Doppler image of the vertebral artery and shape of the transverse tubercle of the seventh cervical (C7) vertebra.

Overview Of Literature: Counting upwards from the C7 vertebra which only has a posterior tubercle of the transverse process is a commonly used method for ultrasound-guided cervical nerve root block.

What is the effect of spino-pelvic sagittal parameters and back muscles on osteoporotic vertebral fracture?

Study Design: Case control study.

Purpose: To examine the effect of spino-pelvic sagittal parameters and back muscles on osteoporotic vertebral fracture.

Overview Of Literature: Low bone mass is not the only important component of the risk on osteoporotic vertebral fracture; many other risk factors also contribute to skeletal fragility.

How many high risk korean patients with osteopenia could overlook treatment eligibility?

Study Design: Retrospective study.

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of high risk patient with osteopenia requiring pharmacologic treatment and investigate the difference of 10-year fracture probability whether bone mineral density (BMD) include or not in Korean FRAX model.

Overview Of Literature: Many people with the fracture have osteopenia rather than osteoporosis, and BMD alone could be considered as a chance to prevent fracture.

Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles induce autophagy preceding apoptosis through mitochondrial damage and ER stress in RAW264.7 cells.

Magnetic nanoparticles have been widely used in a broad range of disciplines owing to their unique properties. However, many unexpected risks have been reported in their use. In this study, we investigated the uptake process and toxic mechanism of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (M-FeNPs) using RAW264.

Magnetite- and maghemite-induced different toxicity in murine alveolar macrophage cells.

The unique properties of nanoparticles and biological systems are important factors affecting the biological response following nanoparticle exposure. Iron oxide nanoparticles are classified mainly as magnetite (M-FeNPs) and maghemite (NM-FeNPs). In our previous study, NM-FeNPs induced autophagic cell death in RAW264.

The influence of fat infiltration of back extensor muscles on osteoporotic vertebral fractures.

Study Design: Retrospective study.

Purpose: To investigate the influence of fat infiltration at low back extensor muscles on osteoporotic vertebral fracture.

Overview Of Literature: In persons with stronger back muscles, the risk of osteoporotic vertebral fractures will likely be lower than in those persons with weaker back muscles.

Relationship between New Osteoporotic Vertebral Fracture and Instrumented Lumbar Arthrodesis.

Study Design: Retrospective study.

Purpose: To evaluate the relationship between a new osteoporotic vertebral fracture and instrumented lumbar arthrodesis.

Overview Of Literature: In contrast to the growing recognition of the importance of adjacent segment disease after lumbar arthrodesis, relatively little attention has been paid to the relationship between osteoporotic vertebral fractures and instrumented lumbar arthrodesis.

Noninvasive biosignal detection radar system using circular polarization.

This paper proposes an integrated hypersensitive Doppler radar system through a circular polarization characteristic. Through the idea of a reverse sense of rotation when the reflecting surface is perfectly conducting, it is shown that the detecting property of the system can be effectively improved by using antennas that have a reverse polarization. This bistatic radar system can be used in noninvasively sensing biosignals such as respiration and heart rates with the periodic movement of skin and muscle near the heart.

Evaluation of bioremediation effectiveness on crude oil-contaminated sand.

A treatability study was conducted using sea sand spiked with 3% or 6% (w/w) of Arabian light crude oil to determine the most effective bioremediation strategies for different levels of contamination. The sea sand used in the study was composed of gravel (0.1%), sand (89.