Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of itepekimab in adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: Results from two terminated phase II trials.

Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a proinflammatory alarmin cytokine released by damaged epithelial tissue cells that initiates and amplifies both type 1 and type 2 inflammatory cascades. A role for IL-33 in atopic dermatitis (AD; a chronic, relapsing type 2 inflammatory disease of the skin) has been proposed. Itepekimab is a novel human IgG4P monoclonal antibody against IL-33, currently in clinical development for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Predicting responses to omalizumab in antihistamine-refractory chronic urticaria: A real-world longitudinal study.

Background: Treating chronic urticaria (CU) that is unresponsive to H1-antihistamines (H1AHs) is challenging, and the real-world effectiveness of omalizumab remains unclear.

Objective: Our aim was to evaluate the real-world effectiveness of omalizumab, optimal response assessment timing, and predictive factors.

Methods: Initially, 5535 patients with CU who were receiving at least 20 mg of loratadine daily for at least 6 months (January 2007-August 2021) were screened.

The KAAACI Guidelines for Sublingual Immunotherapy.

Allergen immunotherapy is regarded as the only disease-modifying treatment option for various allergic conditions, including allergic rhinitis and asthma. Among the routes of administration of allergens, sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) has gained clinical interest recently, and the prescription of SLIT is increasing among patients with allergies. After 30 years of SLIT use, numerous pieces of evidence supporting its efficacy, safety, and mechanism allows SLIT to be considered as an alternative option to subcutaneous immunotherapy.

Mechanism underlying polyvalent IgG-induced regulatory T cell activation and its clinical application: Anti-idiotypic regulatory T cell theory for immune tolerance.

The regulatory T (Treg) cells constitute a functionally defined subpopulation of T cells that modulate the immune system and maintain immune tolerance through suppression of the development of autoimmune responses to self-antigens and allergic reactions to external antigens. Reduction in the number or function of Treg cells has been suggested as a key immune abnormality underlying the development of autoimmune and allergic diseases. studies have demonstrated that purified polyvalent immunoglobulin G (IgG) from multiple healthy blood donors can exert immunomodulatory effects on Treg cells.

KAAACI Guidelines for Allergen Immunotherapy.

Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is a causative treatment for various allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma, and bee venom allergy that induces tolerance to offending allergens. The need for uniform practice guidelines in AIT is continuously growing because of the increasing discovery of potential candidates for AIT and evolving interest in new therapeutic approaches. This guideline is an updated version of the Korean Academy of Asthma Allergy and Clinical Immunology recommendations for AIT published in 2010.

Regulatory T Cell-Targeted Immunomodulatory Therapy for Long-Term Clinical Improvement of Atopic Dermatitis: Hypotheses and Perspectives.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronically relapsing inflammatory skin disorder characterized by itching and eczematous lesions. It is often associated with a personal or familial history of allergic diseases. Allergic inflammation induced by immunoglobulin E and T-helper type 2 (Th2) cell responses to common environmental agents has been suggested to play an essential role in AD pathogenesis.

Intramuscular Injection of Autologous Serum in Adolescent and Adult Patients with Atopic Dermatitis: A Preliminary Randomized Clinical Trial.

Purpose: The favorable clinical efficacies of intramuscular injection of autologous blood in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) and intramuscular injection of autologous serum in patients with chronic urticaria have been demonstrated by randomized clinical trials. In this study, we assessed the clinical effectiveness and safety of the intramuscular injection of autologous serum in patients with AD.

Materials And Methods: In this randomized, placebo-controlled, and double-blind trial, 23 adolescent and adult patients with moderate-to-severe AD were enrolled.

Intramuscular administration of autologous total immunoglobulin G induces immunomodulatory effects on T cells in healthy human subjects: An open-labeled prospective single-arm trial.

Background: We hypothesized that intramuscular administration of autologous total immunoglobulin G (IgG) could induce an immunomodulatory effect in human subjects. In our previous studies, we showed that intramuscular administration of autologous total IgG could induce significant clinical improvements and increases of the serum levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in patients with atopic dermatitis.

Objective: To investigate the mechanism of immunomodulation induced by intramuscular administration of autologous total IgG, we evaluated changes in T cells before and after intramuscular administrations of autologous total IgG in this study.

Clusters of Severe Eosinophilic Asthma in a Korean Asthma Cohort.

Background: Targeted therapies have broadened the available treatment options for patients with severe eosinophilic asthma (SEA). However, differences in the magnitude of treatment responses among patients indicate the presence of various underlying pathophysiological processes and patient subgroups.

Objectives: We aimed to describe the characteristics of SEA and identify its patient subgroups.

Real Clinical Practice Data of Monthly Dupilumab Therapy in Adult Patients With Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis: Clinical Efficacy and Predictive Markers for a Favorable Clinical Response.

Purpose: Dupilumab is recommended to be administered biweekly to treat adult patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD). Real clinical practice data on the clinical efficacy of monthly dupilumab therapy are limited. We analyzed real clinical practice data on the clinical efficacy of monthly dupilumab therapy and predictive markers for favorable clinical responses to the therapy.

Erratum: Clustering the Clinical Course of Chronic Urticaria Using a Longitudinal Database: Effects on Urticaria Remission.

This corrects the article on p. 390 in vol. 13, PMID: 33733635.

Clustering the Clinical Course of Chronic Urticaria Using a Longitudinal Database: Effects on Urticaria Remission.

Purpose: Little is known about the clinical course of chronic urticaria (CU) and predictors of its prognosis. We evaluated CU patient clusters based on medication scores during the initial 3 months of treatment in an attempt to investigate time to remission and relapse rates for CU and to identify predictors for CU remission.

Methods: In total, 4,552 patients (57.

Efficacy, Safety, and Immunomodulatory Effect of the Intramuscular Administration of Autologous Total Immunoglobulin G for Atopic Dermatitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Purpose: The management of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) is often difficult. We hypothesized that repeated intramuscular administration of autologous total immunoglobulin G (IgG) could induce clinical improvement in patients with AD through immune modulation. This clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and immunomodulatory effect of the intramuscular administration of autologous total IgG in patients with AD.

Safety of Ultra-rush Schedule of Subcutaneous Allergen Immunotherapy With House Dust Mite Extract Conducted in an Outpatient Clinic in Patients With Atopic Dermatitis and Allergic Rhinitis.

Purpose: Ultra-rush schedule of subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy (UR-SCIT) administering maximum maintenance dose of allergen extract within one day can save time and effort for allergen immunotherapy in patients with allergic disease. However, UR-SCIT is associated with an increased risk of systemic reaction (SR) and typically has been conducted in a hospital admission setting. To overcome disadvantages of UR-SCIT, we evaluated the safety of UR-SCIT conducted in an outpatient clinic in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) and allergic rhinitis (AR).

Factors Associated with Adherence to Allergen Specific Subcutaneous Immunotherapy.

Purpose: Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is known to be the only therapeutic modality to alter the natural course of allergic diseases. However, at least 3 years of treatment is recommended for achieving long-term disease modifying effect. This study aimed to investigate factors associated with immunotherapy non-adherence in real practice.

High ACT score is not sufficient to reduce the risk of asthma exacerbations in asthma with low lung function.

Background: Low forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV) is a risk factor for asthma exacerbations (AEs). We aimed to determine if asthma control could reduce the future risk of AEs in patients with low FEV. This study was conducted to evaluate the future risks of AEs within six months according to Asthma Control Test™ (ACT) score and FEV.

Video education versus face-to-face education on inhaler technique for patients with well-controlled or partly-controlled asthma: A phase IV, open-label, non-inferiority, multicenter, randomized, controlled trial.

Background: Education on inhaler technique is critical for effective asthma treatment. However, traditionally used face-to-face education is time-consuming, costly, and often laborious. The current study evaluated the efficacy of a newly developed video-based inhaler technique education method.

Therapeutic Effect of Omalizumab in Severe Asthma: A Real-World Study in Korea.

Purpose: Omalizumab, an anti-immunoglobulin E (IgE) monoclonal antibody, has proved to be effective for the treatment of severe asthma. However, there is no direct evidence of effectiveness of omalizumab in Korean patients with severe asthma. We sought to evaluate the real-world effectiveness of omalizumab in Korean adult patients suffering from severe asthma and to identify predictors of favorable response.

A Retrospective Study of Clinical Response Predictors in Subcutaneous Allergen Immunotherapy With House Dust Mites for Allergic Rhinitis.

Purpose: House dust mites (HDM) are major allergens that cause allergic rhinitis (AR). Allergen-specific subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) has been shown to be clinically beneficial in many clinical trials. Such trials, however, are not reflective of all patient populations.

Immunomodulatory effects induced by intramuscular administration of autologous total immunoglobulin G in patients with atopic dermatitis.

Background: Polyvalent human immunoglobulin G (IgG) preparations produced from the plasma pools of healthy blood donors have been used for the treatment of various autoimmune diseases and allergic diseases because of their anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. We hypothesized that intramuscular administration of autologous total IgG would induce immunomodulatory effects in patients with allergic diseases, based on the clinical efficacy of autologous blood therapy in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD).

Methods: Sixteen adult AD patients with IgE-mediated sensitization to the house dust mite (Dermatophagoides farinae) received intramuscular injections of 50 mg autologous total IgG twice a week for 4 weeks.

Subcutaneous Immunotherapy for Allergic Asthma in a Single Center of Korea: Efficacy, Safety, and Clinical Response Predictors.

Allergen-specific immunotherapy is the only causal treatment for allergic diseases. However, the efficacy of immunotherapy may vary around the world due to differences in climate, the nature of aero-allergens and their distribution. The aim of this study was to describe the effects of subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) in Korean adults with allergic asthma (AA).

Clinical Efficacy of Subcutaneous Allergen Immunotherapy in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis.

Purpose: The clinical usefulness of subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy (SCIT) in the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) is still controversial. We analyzed the clinical efficacy of SCIT in patients with AD and the clinical characteristics of patients showing a favorable clinical response to the treatment.

Materials And Methods: Two hundred and fifty one patients with AD sensitized to house dust mite (HDM) were treated by SCIT using HDM extract.

Autologous Immunoglobulin Therapy in Patients With Severe Recalcitrant Atopic Dermatitis: Long-Term Changes of Clinical Severity and Laboratory Parameters.

This report evaluated long-term changes in clinical severity and laboratory parameters in 3 adult patients with severe recalcitrant atopic dermatitis (AD) who were treated with intramuscular injections of 50 mg of autologous immunoglobulin G (IgG) twice a week for 4 weeks (autologous immunoglobulin therapy, AIGT) and followed up for more than 2 years after the treatment. We observed the following 4 major findings in these 3 patients during the long-term follow-up after AIGT. (1) Two of the 3 patients showed a long-term clinical improvement for more than 36 weeks after AIGT with a maximum decrease in clinical severity score greater than 80% from baseline.

Personalized Immunomodulatory Therapy for Atopic Dermatitis: An Allergist's View.

The current standard medical therapy for atopic dermatitis (AD) mainly focuses on symptomatic relief by controlling skin inflammation with topical corticosteroids and/or topical calcineurin inhibitors. However, the clinical efficacy of pharmacological therapy is often disappointing to both patients and physicians. The terminology of AD contains a historical meaning of eczematous dermatitis caused by hypersensitivity reaction to environmental inhalant or food allergen.