Underwater soundscape in Seaview Bay, Antarctica, and triple ascending trill of the leopard seal () underwater vocalizations.

The underwater soundscape was recorded in Seaview Bay off Inexpressible Island, Ross Sea region Marine protected area, for 3 days in December 2021. Leopard seal vocalizations were a prominent sound source that led to variations in ambient sound pressure levels in a frequency range of approximately 150-4500 Hz. Among the 14 call types previously identified, except ultrasound vocalizations, six types of broadcast calls were classified, and their acoustic characteristics were analyzed.

A simple and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method combined with fluorescence detection for bioanalysis of scopoletin in rat plasma: Application to a pharmacokinetic study.

Scopoletin, a coumarin class natural phytoalexin, is present in medicinal plants such as noni (Morinda citrifolia). It exhibits diverse pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, anti-hyperuricemic, and anti-inflammatory effects. The objective of this study was to develop a novel HPLC-fluorescence (HPLC-FL) method for the quantitative analysis of scopoletin in the plasma and to investigate its pharmacokinetics in rats.

Evolutionary game model of migraine based on the human brain hypersensitivity.

Based on all studies published up to 2020, the prevalence of migraine worldwide is approximately 14%, although it varies regionally. Despite being one of the most disabling diseases, migraine still exists through natural selection and is prevalent today. This raises the question of what evolutionary advantages have led to the survival of migraine.

Physicochemical characterization and phase II metabolic profiling of echinochrome A, a bioactive constituent from sea urchin, and its physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling in rats and humans.

Echinochrome A, a natural naphthoquinone pigment found in sea urchins, is increasingly being investigated for its nutritional and therapeutic value associated with antioxidant, anticancer, antiviral, antidiabetic, and cardioprotective activities. Although several studies have demonstrated the biological effects and therapeutic potential of echinochrome A, little is known regarding its biopharmaceutical behaviors. Here, we aimed to investigate the physicochemical properties and metabolic profiles of echinochrome A and establish a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model as a useful tool to support its clinical applications.

Investigation of the factors responsible for the low oral bioavailability of alizarin using a sensitive LC-MS/MS method: In vitro, in situ, and in vivo evaluations.

Alizarin (1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone) is an anthraquinone reddish dye widely used for painting and textile dyeing. As the biological activity of alizarin has recently attracted increasing attention from researchers, its therapeutic potential as complementary and alternative medicine is of interest. However, no systematic research has been conducted on the biopharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic aspects of alizarin.

A simple and sensitive HPLC-FL method for bioanalysis of velpatasvir, a novel hepatitis C virus NS5A inhibitor, in rat plasma: Investigation of factors determining its oral bioavailability.

Velpatasvir is a novel inhibitor of hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A that received US Food and Drug Administration approval for the treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus genotypes 1-6. In the present study, a sensitive bioanalytical method for velpatasvir was developed using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a fluorescence detector system, which was applied to elucidate the factors determining the oral bioavailability and disposition of velpatasvir. This method offered sufficient sensitivity, with a lower limit of quantification of 0.

Impact of route-dependent phase-II gut metabolism and enterohepatic circulation on the bioavailability and systemic disposition of resveratrol in rats and humans: A comprehensive whole body physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling.

Resveratrol, a natural polyphenolic phytoalexin, is a dietary supplement that improves the outcomes of metabolic, cardiovascular, and other age-related diseases due to its diverse pharmacological activities. Although there have been several preclinical and clinical investigations of resveratrol, the contributions of gut phase-II metabolism and enterohepatic circulation to the oral bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of resveratrol remain unclear. Furthermore, a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model that accurately describes and predicts the systemic exposure profiles of resveratrol in clinical settings has not been developed.

Development and application of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for entrectinib in rats and scale-up to humans: Route-dependent gut wall metabolism.

Entrectinib (Rozlytrek®) is an oral antineoplastic agent approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 2019 for the treatment of c-ros oncogene 1 (ROS1)-positive non-small cell lung cancer and neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase (NTRK) fusion-positive solid tumors.

Assessment of Metabolic Interaction between Repaglinide and Quercetin via Mixed Inhibition in the Liver: In Vitro and In Vivo.

Repaglinide (RPG), a rapid-acting meglitinide analog, is an oral hypoglycemic agent for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Quercetin (QCT) is a well-known antioxidant and antidiabetic flavonoid that has been used as an important ingredient in many functional foods and complementary medicines. This study aimed to comprehensively investigate the effects of QCT on the metabolism of RPG and its underlying mechanisms.

Investigation of the Factors Responsible for the Poor Oral Bioavailability of Acacetin in Rats: Physicochemical and Biopharmaceutical Aspects.

Acacetin, an important ingredient of acacia honey and a component of several medicinal plants, exhibits therapeutic effects such as antioxidative, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-plasmodial activities. However, to date, studies reporting a systematic investigation of the in vivo fate of orally administered acacetin are limited. Moreover, the in vitro physicochemical and biopharmaceutical properties of acacetin in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and their pharmacokinetic impacts remain unclear.

A sensitive HPLC-FLD method for the quantification of alpelisib, a novel phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor, in rat plasma: Drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic evaluation in vitro and in vivo.

Alpelisib, a novel phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor, is an oral anticancer agent approved for the treatment of advanced or metastatic breast cancer. In this study, a sensitive bioanalytical method using high-performance liquid chromatography combined with a fluorescence detector (HPLC-FLD) was developed for the determination of alpelisib in rat plasma. This newly developed method was validated in terms of linearity (1-1,000 ng/mL), precision, accuracy, recovery, matrix effect, and stability according to the US Food and Drug Administration guideline and these parameters were within the acceptable limits.

Recent advances in physiologically based pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic models for anticancer nanomedicines.

Nanoparticles (NPs) have distinct pharmacokinetic (PK) properties and can potentially improve the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination (ADME) of small-molecule drugs loaded therein. Owing to the unwanted toxicities of anticancer agents in healthy organs and tissues, their precise delivery to the tumor is an essential requirement. There have been numerous advancements in the development of nanomedicines for cancer therapy.

In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of Metabolic Drug Interaction Potential of Dutasteride with Ketoconazole.

Dutasteride (DUT) is a selective, potent, competitive, and irreversible inhibitor of both type-1 and type-2 5α-reductase (5AR) commonly used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia and androgenetic alopecia. In the present study, we developed a simple and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FL) method for simultaneous determination of DUT and its major active metabolite, 6β-hydroxydutasteride (H-DUT). Next, the pharmacokinetic interactions of DUT with ketoconazole (KET), a potent CYP3A inhibitor, were comprehensively investigated.

Comparative Assessment of Biological Activities of Mistletoes for Cosmetic Applications: and .

Mistletoes, hemiparasites, contain many components with various biological activities and have been used in cosmetics industry. Loranthacease (1,000 species) and Viscaceae (550 species) have the most dominant species in mistletoes (nearly 1,600 species). It can be expected that the biological activities vary from species to species; therefore, we have tested (belonging to Santalaceae) and (belonging to Loranthacease) for a comparative study of their cosmetic properties, including antioxidant, antimelanogenic, and antiwrinkle activities.

Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of Metabolic Drug Interactions between Repaglinide and Celecoxib by a Bioanalytical HPLC Method for Their Simultaneous Determination with Fluorescence Detection.

Since diabetes mellitus and osteoarthritis are highly prevalent diseases, combinations of antidiabetic agents like repaglinide (REP) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) like celecoxib (CEL) could be commonly used in clinical practice. In this study, a simple and sensitive bioanalytical HPLC method combined with fluorescence detector (HPLC-FL) was developed and fully validated for simultaneous quantification of REP and CEL. A simple protein precipitation procedure and reversed C18 column with an isocratic mobile phase (mixture of ACN and pH 6.

Measurements of Normal Incidence Reflection Loss as a Function of Temperature at the Water-Castor Oil Interface.

Reflection loss at the water-castor oil interface as a function of temperature was measured in a direction normal to the interface using a 200-kHz acoustic signal. The acoustic impedance of water increases with temperature, whereas that of castor oil decreases. The measured reflection losses varied from 30 to 65 dB, and a sharp rising peak in reflection loss was observed at the temperature at which the acoustic impedance of water became equal to that of castor oil.

A Simple HPLC Method for the Quantitative Determination of Silybin in Rat Plasma: Application to a Comparative Pharmacokinetic Study on Commercial Silymarin Products.

Silybin (SBN) is a major active constituent of silymarin, a mixture of flavonoids found in fruits and seeds of milk thistle. The aim of this study was to describe a simple bioanalytical method for quantifying SBN in rat plasma. A simple protein deproteinization procedure with acetonitrile (ACN) was employed for plasma sample preparation.

A novel high-performance liquid chromatographic method combined with fluorescence detection for determination of ertugliflozin in rat plasma: Assessment of pharmacokinetic drug interaction potential of ertugliflozin with mefenamic acid and ketoconazole.

Ertugliflozin (ERTU) is a novel, potent, and highly selective sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor that has been recently approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. We describe a novel bioanalytical method using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with fluorescence detection for quantitative determination of ERTU in rat plasma. Acetonitrile-based protein precipitation method was used for sample preparation, and chromatographic separation was performed on a Kinetex® C18 column with an isocratic mobile phase comprising acetonitrile and 10 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 6.

On the segmental and tagmatic phenomena inferred from referred pain and autonomic concomitants.

Visceral injury induces referred pain, autonomic concomitants, skeletal muscle spasm, and hyperalgesia of segmental pattern on the specific area of somatic tissue. Therefore, since visceral referred pain does not mean only a feeling which is considered as misperception of brain but accompanies accessory phenomena, referred phenomenon can be more reasonable expression. Visceral referred phenomenon has segmental pattern and is shown on the segmental constituents related to viscus and further spreads to multi-segments through central sensitization if visceral injury become severe and chronic.

Asymmetry of protracted tongue: can it replace the Wada test?

Some asymmetry of body parts (thumbs, cubital crease levels, popliteal crease levels, toes, breasts, gonads and facial structures) is commonly observed. And there is also neurobehavioral asymmetry such as handedness and language lateralization. Since right-handedness is closely associated with left-hemisphere dominance for language, it is known that handedness can be linked with language lateralization.

Pain around the ear in Bell's palsy is referred pain of facial nerve origin: the role of nervi nervorum.

General somatic afferents of facial nerve innervate skin of the concha, the posterior external ear canal and a small area behind the ear. But pain around the ear that precedes or develops at the same time as Bell's palsy frequently is beyond the territory of sensory innervations of facial nerve. Cranial nerves are richly innervated by their own nerves called nervi nervorum that have nociceptive function.