The Comparative Metabolism of a Novel Hepatocellular Carcinoma Therapeutic Agent, 2,3-Diamino--(4-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)phenyl)propanamide, in Human and Animal Hepatocytes.

[2,3-diamino--(4-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)phenyl)propanamide], named as ETN101, is a novel therapeutic agent for hepatocellular carcinoma. In vitro studies examined ETN101 metabolites in human, mouse, rat, dog, and monkey hepatocytes and identified the drug-metabolizing enzymes involved using cDNA-expressed human recombinant cytochrome P450s (CYPs), carboxylesterases (CESs), -acetyltransferase (NAT) 1, and human liver cytosol. ETN101 showed similar metabolic stability across hepatocytes from five species, with particularly comparable stability in humans, rats, and monkeys.

Short-term effects of occlusion therapy and optical correction on microvasculature in monocular amblyopia: a retrospective case-control study.

This retrospective longitudinal case-control study investigated the short-term effects of patch occlusion treatment compared with optical correction on the microvasculature in monocular amblyopia. We included patients with monocular amblyopia treated for 2-12 months; they were classified into two groups according to the treatment regimen: patch occlusion or optical correction. Children aged < 12 years who presented to our clinic for examination without amblyopia diagnosis were enrolled as the control group.

Factors associated with myopia in 19-year-old adult men in Korea between 2014 and 2020.

Numerous environmental factors that influence myopia have been studied, but only few factors have been definitively identified. We examined factors influencing myopia using data from 2014 to 2020 physical examinations received from the Korean Military Manpower Administration. We used the Cochran-Armitage trend test to investigate the annual prevalence of myopia and high myopia.

Comparison of Retinal and Choroidal Microvasculature Changes in Monocular Amblyopic and Non-amblyopic Eyes following Short-term Patch Occlusion Treatment.

Purpose: Our objective was to investigate whether there were differences in the short-term changes of retinal and choroidal microvasculature between amblyopic and non-amblyopic eyes after patch occlusion treatment in patients with monocular amblyopia. Additionally, we aimed to determine if these changes were associated with improvements in clinical parameters.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective, longitudinal paired-eye case-control study by analyzing the medical records of patients under the age of 12 who had monocular amblyopia and underwent patch occlusion treatment for a duration of 2 to 12 months.

Changes in Clinical Activity, Serum Autoantibody Levels, and Chorioretinal Vessels After Systemic Glucocorticoid Therapy in Thyroid Eye Disease.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate changes in the Clinical Activity Score, serum thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibody and thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin levels, chorioretinal blood vessels, and extraocular muscle thickness in patients with thyroid eye disease following systemic steroid treatment.

Methods: This prospective observational study enrolled 57 patients with active thyroid eye disease who received systemic intravenous glucocorticoids for 12 weeks. Demographics, clinical activity scores, optical coherence tomography images, and serum thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin and thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibody levels were assessed at baseline, at 6 and 12 weeks after intravenous (IV) GC therapy initiation, and 2 months after IV GC therapy termination.

Neuro-ophthalmologic symptoms after coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination: a retrospective study.

Background: There have been several studies on inflammatory ophthalmic diseases; however, few studies have reported neuro-ophthalmological symptoms, such as diplopia and ocular motor nerve palsy, after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination. Therefore, this study aimed to report neuro-ophthalmological symptoms in patients after COVID-19 vaccination.

Methods: This was a retrospective study based on the medical records of 10 patients who visited our ophthalmology clinic in 2021 with symptoms, such as diplopia (nine patients) and decreased visual acuity (one patient), and showed findings, such as ocular motor nerve palsy, after vaccination against COVID-19.

Untargeted metabolomics-assisted comparative cytochrome P450-dependent metabolism of fenbendazole in human and dog liver microsomes.

Fenbendazole (FBZ), a benzimidazole carbamate anthelmintic, has attracted attention for its antitumor activity. This study examined the metabolic characteristics of FBZ in humans compared with those in dogs. The phase I metabolites were identified in liver microsomal incubates using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (MS)-based untargeted metabolomics approaches.

Ocular motility disorders following coronavirus disease-19 vaccination.

Purpose: To describe clinical manifestations and short-term prognosis of ocular motility disorders following coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) vaccination.

Methods: Ocular motility disorders were diagnosed by clinical assessment, high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging, and laboratory testing. Clinical manifestations, short-term prognosis, and rate of complete recovery were analyzed.

Prolongation of graft survival via layer-by-layer assembly of collagen and immunosuppressive particles on pancreatic islets.

Pancreatic islet transplantation holds great potential as a curative therapy for treating type 1 diabetes. However, the need for lifelong systemic immunosuppression with inevitable side effects is an obstacle to clinical success. Here we devised a strategy for the site-specific delivery of an immunosuppressant (tacrolimus) using layer-by-layer assembly of polymeric particles and collagen on the islet surface.

Effect of concomitant oral administration of ethanol on the pharmacokinetics of nicardipine in rats.

Ethanol intake can alter pharmacokinetics by increasing the solubility or enhancing the absorption of concomitant drugs. Here, a selective, sensitive and reproducible high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the quantitative analysis of nicardipine in rat plasma was developed using simple protein precipitation. The calibration curve was linear over a concentration range of 1-2,000 ng/ml (r  > 0.

Alterations of lower- and higher-order aberrations after unilateral horizontal rectus muscle surgery in children with intermittent exotropia: A retrospective cross-sectional study.

Background: This retrospective, cross-sectional study investigated changes in corneal lower- and higher-order aberrations that cause visual disturbance after lateral rectus recession and medial rectus resection in children.

Methods: Eighty-five eyes of 85 patients (44 boys; 8.64±2.

Simultaneous determination of perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid in Korean sera using LC-MS/MS.

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) are synthetic chemicals that have been used in various industries and household products. These can easily accumulate in the human body, causing adverse effects on human health. In this study, a high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the simultaneous analysis of PFOA and linear PFOS in human serum.

An Overview of the Korean Intermittent Exotropia Multicenter Study by the Korean Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus.

The Korean Intermittent Exotropia Multicenter Study (KIEMS), which was initiated by the Korean Association of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, is a collaborative multicenter study on intermittent exotropia in Korea. The KIEMS was designed to provide comprehensive information, including subjective and objective findings of intermittent exotropia in a large study population. A total of 65 strabismus specialists in 53 institutions contributed to this study, which, to date, is one of the largest clinical studies on intermittent exotropia.

Delayed unilateral pneumocephalus after bilateral endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy in an elderly patient.

Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) is the 'gold standard' treatment for nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO). However, despite its recent technical advancements, complications are possible. Herein, to the best of our knowledge, we present the first reported case of delayed unilateral pneumocephalus after bilateral endoscopic DCR.

Analysis of astigmatism outcomes after horizontal rectus muscle surgery in patients with intermittent exotropia.

This study examined the factors affecting corneal curvature change after lateral rectus recession and medial rectus resection surgery in patients with intermittent exotropia. This was a retrospective cross-sectional study in intermittent exotropia patients who underwent rectus resection surgery. The study involved 41 male and 42 female patients (mean age: 9.

Analysis of corneal real astigmatism and high order aberration changes that cause visual disturbances after lower eyelid epiblepharon repair surgery.

This retrospective, cross-sectional study investigated changes in corneal low and high order aberrations (LOAs and HOAs) after lower eyelid epiblepharon repair surgery. In total, 108 eyes from 54 patients were evaluated. Wavefront analyses for calibrated LOAs and HOAs were performed using a Galilei G4 Dual Scheimpflug Analyzer before surgery and during the first and second follow-ups (f/u), adjusting for several risk factors.

Cyclosporine A eyedrops with self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems have improved physicochemical properties and efficacy against dry eye disease in a murine dry eye model.

Purpose: We aimed to compare the physicochemical properties and in vivo efficacy of commercially available nanoemulsion cyclosporine A (CsA) eyedrops in benzalkonium chloride (BAC)-induced dry eye disease (DED).

Methods: Particle size analysis was performed on conventional 0.05% CsA (Restasis, C-CsA) and two new types of 0.

Course of upper eyelid retraction in thyroid eye disease.

Aims: To evaluate the natural course of upper eyelid retraction (UER) in patients with thyroid eye disease (TED) and factors affecting its course.

Methods: Retrospective non-interventional cohort study in a single tertiary institution from March 2006 to March 2015 on patients with TED with (1) unilateral or bilateral UER within 6 months from initial presentation, and (2) no prior interventions nor surgical treatment for their UER. Main outcomes and measures were mean margin reflex distance 1 (MRD1) and factors associated with UER improvement.

Asymmetric Lateral Rectus Muscle Insertion Presenting as Esotropia in a Child With Alagille Syndrome.

A 2-year-old boy with Alagille syndrome who had esotropia underwent bilateral medial rectus recession. One month postoperatively, esotropia reoccurred and was aggravated thereafter. Right lateral rectus resection was unsuccessful because the insertion site could not be identified.

Horizontal Extraocular Muscle and Scleral Anatomy in Children: A Swept-Source Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography Study.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of anterior segment swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) for examining horizontal extraocular muscle thickness, distance from the corneal limbus to the insertion of the horizontal extraocular muscle (limbus to insertion distance), and scleral thickness in Korean pediatric strabismus patients.

Methods: This study included pediatric strabismus patients between 5 and 10 years of age. Children with any ocular disease other than strabismus or a history of ocular surgery were excluded.

An epidemiological study of the risk factors associated with myopia in young adult men in Korea.

The prevalence of myopia has been increasing worldwide. Its causes are not completely clear, although genetic and environmental factors are thought to play a role. Data were collected by the Korean Military Manpower Administration.

Surgical Outcome of Intermittent Exotropia With Improvement in Control Grade Subsequent to Part-time Preoperative Occlusion Therapy.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of improvement in the control grade of intermittent exotropia using part-time occlusion therapy on the final postoperative outcome.

Methods: Control of intermittent exotropia was graded as good, fair, or poor in 89 consecutive patients with intermittent exotropia during their first visit. The patients were reevaluated after part-time preoperative occlusion therapy and divided into two groups (improvement and no improvement) according to whether they showed improvement in control grade.

Effect of modified graded recession and anteriorization on unilateral superior oblique palsy: a retrospective study.

Background: Several inferior oblique (IO) weakening methods exist for correction of superior oblique palsy (SOP). A previously reported method involved recession and anteriorization according to IO overaction (IOOA) grade, which might be subjective and cause upgaze limitation and opposite vertical strabismus. Therefore, this study attempted to examine the efficacy of modified graded recession and anteriorization of the IO muscle in correction of unilateral SOP without resulting in upgaze limitation or opposite vertical strabismus.