TabHLH27 orchestrates root growth and drought tolerance to enhance water use efficiency in wheat.

Cultivating high-yield wheat under limited water resources is crucial for sustainable agriculture in semiarid regions. Amid water scarcity, plants activate drought response signaling, yet the delicate balance between drought tolerance and development remains unclear. Through genome-wide association studies and transcriptome profiling, we identified a wheat atypical basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor (TF), TabHLH27-A1, as a promising quantitative trait locus candidate for both relative root dry weight and spikelet number per spike in wheat.

Low light stress promotes new tiller regeneration by changing source-sink relationship and activating expression of expansin genes in wheat.

Low light stress seriously decreased wheat grain number through the formation of aborted spike during the reproductive period and induced new tiller regeneration to offset the loss of grain number. However, the mechanism by which plants coordinate spike aborted growth and the regeneration of new tillers remains unknown. To better understand this coordinated process, morphological, physiological and transcriptomic analyses were performed under low light stress at the young microspore stage.

Development and application of a relative soil water content - transpiration efficiency curve for screening high water use efficiency wheat cultivars.

Improving water use efficiency () has been proven to be a prosperous way to produce more grain in drought-prone areas. Transpiration efficiency () has been proposed as a criterion for screening cultivars with high . This study quantifies the relations of TE to relative soil water content () gradients using pot experiments and evaluates the capability of the relations of - on assessing the cultivar performance in field yield and .

Wheat Escapes Low Light Stress by Altering Pollination Types.

Although low light stress seriously affects florets fertility and grain number during the reproductive period, crops can be fertilized by heterologous pollen to alleviate the reduction of grain number. However, wheat is strongly autogamous, how to change to outcross after low light remains unclear. To understand the mechanisms of this change process, an approach combined morphological, physiological, and transcriptomic analyses was performed under low light stress imposed at the young microspore stage the booting stage from tetrad to uni-nucleate microspores stage.

Wheat FRIZZY PANICLE activates VERNALIZATION1-A and HOMEOBOX4-A to regulate spike development in wheat.

Kernel number per spike determined by the spike or inflorescence development is one important agricultural trait for wheat yield that is critical for global food security. While a few important genes for wheat spike development were identified, the genetic regulatory mechanism underlying supernumerary spikelets (SSs) is still unclear. Here, we cloned the wheat FRIZZY PANICLE (WFZP) gene from one local wheat cultivar.

Photosynthetic base of reduced grain yield by shading stress during the early reproductive stage of two wheat cultivars.

The young microspore (YM) stage is the most sensitive period for wheat grain formation to abiotic stress. Shading stress during YM stage reduces grain yield mainly due to grain number decrease. However, the photosynthetic base for grain number decrease is still unclear.

Effects of Drought Stress on Pollen Sterility, Grain Yield, Abscisic Acid and Protective Enzymes in Two Winter Wheat Cultivars.

Drought stress induced pollen sterility is a detrimental factor reducing grain number in wheat. Exploring the mechanisms underlying pollen fertility under drought conditions could assist breeding high-yielding wheat cultivars with stress tolerance. Here, by using two Chinese wheat cultivars subjected to different levels of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced drought stress, possible links between pollen fertility and stress tolerance were analyzed under different levels of drought stress at the young microspore stage.

The Wheat GT Factor TaGT2L1D Negatively Regulates Drought Tolerance and Plant Development.

GT factors are trihelix transcription factors that specifically regulate plant development and stress responses. Recently, several GT factors have been characterized in different plant species; however, little is known about the role of GT factors in wheat. Here, we show that TaGT2L1A, TaGT2L1B, and TaGT2L1D are highly homologous in hexaploid wheat, and are localized to wheat chromosomes 2A, 2B, and 2D, respectively.

[Effects of drought stress, high temperature and elevated CO2 concentration on the growth of winter wheat].

The impacts of climate change on the grain yield, photosynthesis, and water conditions of winter wheat were assessed based on an experiment, in which wheat plants were subjected to ambient and elevated CO2 concentrations, ambient and elevated temperatures, and low and high water conditions independently and in combination. The CO2 enrichment alone had no effect on the photosynthesis of winter wheat, whereas higher temperature and drought significantly decreased the photosynthetic rate. Water conditions in flag leaves were not significantly changed at the elevated CO2 concentration or elevated temperature.

Comparison of the effects of symmetric and asymmetric temperature elevation and CO2 enrichment on yield and evapotranspiration of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

Under the changing climate, asymmetric warming pattern would be more likely during day and night time, instead of symmetric one. Concurrently, the growth responses and water use of plants may be different compared with those estimated based on symmetric warming. In this work, it was compared with the effects of symmetric (ETs) and asymmetric (ETa) elevation of temperature alone, and in interaction with elevated carbon dioxide concentration (EC), on the grain yield (GY) and evapotranspiration in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.

Control of abscisic acid catabolism and abscisic acid homeostasis is important for reproductive stage stress tolerance in cereals.

Drought stress at the reproductive stage causes pollen sterility and grain loss in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Drought stress induces abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis genes in anthers and ABA accumulation in spikes of drought-sensitive wheat varieties. In contrast, drought-tolerant wheat accumulates lower ABA levels, which correlates with lower ABA biosynthesis and higher ABA catabolic gene expression (ABA 8'-hydroxylase).

Investigation on the relationship between leaf water use efficiency and physio-biochemical traits of winter wheat under rained condition.

Different statistical methods and path analysis were used to study the relationship between leaf water use efficiency (WUE) and physio-biochemical traits for 19 wheat genotypes, including photosynthesis rate (P(n)), stomatal conductance (g(s)), transpiration rate (T(r)), intercellular concentration of carbon oxide (C(i)), leaf water potential (Psi(w)), leaf temperature, wax content, leaf relative water content (RWC), rate of water loss from excised-leaf (RWL), peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. The results showed that photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were the most important leaf WUE variables under rained conditions. Based on the results of five statistical analyses, it is reasonable to assume that high leaf WUE wheat under the rained could be obtained by selecting breeding materials with high photosynthesis rate, low transpiration rate and stomatal conductance.