The potential mechanism of the progression from latent to active tuberculosis based on the intestinal microbiota alterations.

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) poses a serious challenge to global health systems. The altered intestinal microbiota is associated with the pathogenesis of TB, but the exact links remain unclear.

Methods: 16 S rDNA sequencing was performed to comprehensively detect the changes in the intestinal microbiota of feces from active TB (ATB), latent TB infection (LTBI) and healthy controls (HC).

Untargeted Metabolomics of Feces Reveals Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers for Active Tuberculosis and Latent Tuberculosis Infection: Potential Application for Precise and Non-Invasive Identification.

Purpose: Distinguishing latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) from active tuberculosis (ATB) is important to control the prevalence of tuberculosis; however, there is currently no effective method. The aim of this study was to discover specific metabolites through fecal untargeted metabolomics to discriminate ATB, individuals with LTBI, and healthy controls (HC) and to probe the metabolic perturbation associated with the progression of tuberculosis.

Patients And Methods: Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was performed to comprehensively detect compounds in fecal samples from HC, LTBI, and ATB patients.

Effects of a false-positive result in newborn congenital hypothyroidism screening on parents in Guangxi, China.

Background: As more than 500,000 neonates participate in newborn congenital hypothyroidism (CH) screening in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region each year, the overall number of false-positive (FP) cases has increased. We aim to assess the parental stress in parents of neonates with FP CH results in Guangxi, find out the influence factors related to demographics, and provide the basis for personalized health education.

Methods: The parents of neonates with FP CH results were invited to participate in the FP group, and the parents of neonates with all negative results were invited to participate in the control group.

Exploring the potential targets of the Hance in the treatment of hepatitis E based on network pharmacology.

Hepatitis E is a disease of public health significance caused by the cross-species transmission of zoonotic hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection. There are no specific drugs. In this study, network pharmacology was used to reveal the mechanism of treatment of the active constituents of the Hance on hepatitis E.

[Design of a device for preventing pollution and air pollution in the pipeline joint of the ventilator].

Ventilators are currently the most commonly used auxiliary mechanical ventilation equipment in clinical practice, and play an important role in the treatment of hypoxemia. Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a special type of pulmonary parenchymal inflammation of nosocomial infection in patients with mechanical ventilation, which leads the increase of mortality and affects the prognosis of patients. The non-standard management of ventilator pipeline joints and the aerosol formed by bacterial condensate splashed from ventilator pipeline pollute the air, resulting in cross infection, which are the important reasons for VAP.

Procyanidin A2, a polyphenolic compound, exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activity in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells.

Procyandin A2 (PCA2) is a polyphenolic compound which is isolated from grape seeds. It has been reported that PCA2 exhibits antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects, but its molecular mechanism is still poorly understood. This study tests the hypothesis that PCA2 suppresses lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation and oxidative stress through targeting the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathways in RAW264.

Evaluation of the genotoxicity and teratogenicity of xylan using different model approaches.

Xylan is the second most abundant polysaccharide group in plants and has a wide variety of food and pharmaceutical applications. However, little information on the safety assessment of extracted xylan as dietary supplement is available. As part of a comprehensive toxicological assessment, this study examined the potential toxicity of xylan extracted from sugarcane bagasse by three genotoxicity studies (Ames test, mice bone marrow micronucleus test, and mice sperm abnormality test) and a teratogenicity study in rats.

Subchronic Study of a White Kidney Bean () Extract with -Amylase Inhibitory Activity.

Common bean extract as a dietary supplement has received increased attention globally owing to its -amylase inhibitory activity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of a white kidney bean () extract by a repeated-dose 90-day subchronic oral toxicity study in Sprague-Dawley rats. In the subchronic toxicity study, 80 rats were orally administrated with white kidney bean extract at doses of 4, 2, and 1 g/kg body weight daily for 90 days.

[Demographic characteristics HIV positive cases aged no less than 15 years old and related factors in communicable disease prevention demonstration area in Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region].

Objective: To understand the demographic characteristics of the HIV positive cases detected in the screening project in communicable disease prevention demonstration area in Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region and analyses the related factors of HIV infection.

Methods: HIV antibody detection was conducted for local people aged no less than 15 years old in 3 demonstration counties, and the demographic information of the subjects were collected. The factors influencing HIV infection were analyzed with software PASW Statistics 18.

A retrospective cohort study on the mortality of AIDS patients in Guangxi, China (2001-2011).

The purpose of this article is to describe mortality trends in different highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) periods and associated factors among AIDS patients in Guangxi, China. We prospectively analyzed AIDS patients in Guangxi between 2001 and 2011; demographic characteristics were compared among AIDS patients diagnosed in three treatment periods (pre-HAART: 2001-2004, early-HAART: 2005-2008, and late-HAART: 2009-2011). AIDS mortality was calculated by person-years, and treatment coverage was defined as the proportion of time that patients who were eligible for treatment received treatment.

Bacterial etiologies of five core syndromes: laboratory-based syndromic surveillance conducted in Guangxi, China.

Background: Under the existing national surveillance system in China for selected infectious diseases, bacterial cultures are performed for only a small percentage of reported cases. We set up a laboratory-based syndromic surveillance system to elucidate bacterial etiologic spectrum and detect infection by rare etiologies (or serogroups) for five core syndromes in the given study area.

Methods: Patients presenting with one of five core syndromes at nine sentinel hospitals in Guagnxi, China were evaluated using laboratory-based syndrome surveillance to elucidate bacterial etiologies.

Effect of travel distance on household demand for typhoid vaccines: implications for planning.

Typhoid fever causes millions of illnesses and hundreds of thousands of deaths yearly. Vaccinations would mitigate this problem, but the users would probably have to pay some or most of the cost. Several willingness-to-pay studies have assessed the effect of price on private demand to provide a basis for financial planning of campaigns, but the effect of travel distance, which is a potentially important determinant of demand, has not been studied.

[Surveillance and research on acute meningitis, encephalitis syndrome in Guangxi, China].

Objective: To estimate disease burden and epidemiological characteristics of acute meningitis/encephalitis, and provide the basis for the disease control strategy development.

Methods: A syndrome surveillance system was established in Guigang city with a population of 5 020 000. For the suspected cases, serum and CSF were collected, and bacterial culture, latex agglutination test, real-time PCR and ELISA tests were carried out.

[On-site assessment on the definition and classification of suspected cases in the manual of WHO Japanese Encephalitis Surveillance Standards].

Objective: To assess the new edition of WHO Japanese Encephalitis (JE) Surveillance Standards (WHO Standards) based on syndrome surveillance data and to provide field evidence regarding the standards.

Methods: Based on syndrome surveillance data, acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) case was categorized, according to the WHO Standards. A cohort study was applied to estimate the AES definition set in the Standard and relative risk was computed to estimate the existence and intensity of statistical correlation between AES and JE cases.

[Comparative analysis of three diarrhea-household-surveys in Guangxi].

Objective: To study the epidemiological characteristics and the effects of control measurements in Guangxi by comparing the results from diarrhea-household-surveys conducted in the three different periods of time and to develop control strategies.

Methods: Data on the incidence, health care seeking and treatment of diarrhea from three household surveys conducted in 1988, 1995 and 2007 was analyzed using SPSS (version 13.0).

[Epidemiological characteristics of meningococcal meningitis in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region during 1996 and 2007].

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of meningococcal meningitis and provide evidences for disease control.

Method: The method of descriptive epidemiology has been used to analyze the data collected.

Results: A total of 419 cases were reported with meningococcal meningitis between 1996-2007, annual incidence rate was 0.

[A prospective study of the relationship between serum hepatitis B virus DNA and the risk of primary liver cancer].

Objective: To determine the relationship between the serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA and the risk of primary liver cancer (PLC).

Methods: Farmers aged 30 to 55 years in Long An county were recruited in this study Blood samples were collected and the sera were tested for HBsAg using Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA), and the HBsAg-positive sera were further tested for viral DNA using nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR). The study subjects were divided into three groups.

The association of HBV core promoter double mutations (A1762T and G1764A) with viral load differs between HBeAg positive and anti-HBe positive individuals: a longitudinal analysis.

Background/aims: Although there have been a few reports regarding the effect of basal core promoter (BCP) double mutations (A1762T and G1764A) on hepatitis B viral loads, the association remains uncertain. We aim to determine the association after controlling for HBeAg - a strong confounding factor.

Methods: We selected randomly 190 individuals from a Chinese cohort of 2258 subjects for cross-sectional analysis and 56 of the 190 for longitudinal analysis of viral loads.

[Effectiveness of an immunization campaign with group A and C meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine in controlling an outbreak of group C meningococcal disease].

Objective: To assess the safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of group A and C meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine (A/C MPV) in response to an outbreak of group C meningococcal disease.

Methods: A vaccination campaign with A/C MPV was prompted 6 weeks after the use of group A MPV in Laibin city, Guangxi, where an outbreak of group C meningococcal meningitis occurred in 2002. Vaccinees were observed for local and systemic reactions after the vaccination and followed up for the meningococcal disease for 5 years.

Hepatitis B virus pre-S deletion mutations are a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma: a matched nested case-control study.

A matched nested case-control study of 33 paired cases and controls was conducted, based on a study cohort in Long An county, Guangxi, China, to determine whether infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) with pre-S deletions is independently associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), without the confounding effects of basal core promoter (BCP) double mutations. The prevalence of pre-S deletions was significantly higher in HCC (45.5 %, 15 of 33) than the controls (18.

HBV A1762T, G1764A mutations are a valuable biomarker for identifying a subset of male HBsAg carriers at extremely high risk of hepatocellular carcinoma: a prospective study.

Objectives: Surveillance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can detect small tumors for resection but at a huge cost of health resources. The challenge is to reduce the surveillance population. We reported that 96% of HCC patients but only 24% of controls were infected with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) with A(1762)T, G(1764)A mutations in Guangxi, China.