Graphene-Sealed Flow Cells for Transmission Electron Microscopy of Liquid Samples.

We introduce a graphene-based nanofluidic cell that facilitates imaging of liquid samples via transmission electron microscopy. The cell combines the benefits of graphene liquid cells-namely, high resolution, reduced charging effects, and excellent sample stability-with the ability to introduce reactants and control fluid concentrations as provided by conventional silicon-nitride-windowed flow cells. The graphene flow cell offers significantly less window bowing compared to existing commercial holders.