Update and Extension of Release Criteria for Canine 117m Sn Treatments.

Tin-117 m ( 117m Sn) is used to treat dogs with osteoarthritic joints by radiosynoviorthesis. The internal conversion and Auger electrons emitted by the 117m Sn provide the therapeutic effect. Sn-117 m also emits x rays and gamma rays, of which the most significant is 158.

Safety and Clinical Response Following a Repeat Intraarticular Injection of Tin-117m (Sn) Colloid in Dogs with Elbow Osteoarthritis.

Objective: To determine if a repeat intraarticular (IA) injection of a tin-117m colloid radiosynoviorthesis (RSO) agent can be safely given in the same joint 12 months after an initial injection for treatment of canine elbow osteoarthritis (OA), and to evaluate the pain reduction effect of the repeat injection.

Methods And Materials: Nine client owned dogs with grade 1 or 2 elbow OA were given an IA injection of tin-117m colloid in both elbows, one of which had been treated ≤12 months earlier with the same RSO device. Treatment safety was evaluated by joint fluid analysis at baseline (BL) and at 180 days after treatment, and by urinalysis, CBC, and serum chemistry analysis of diagnostic samples obtained at BL and 180 days.

Treatment response in dogs with naturally occurring grade 3 elbow osteoarthritis following intra-articular injection of 117mSn (tin) colloid.

The radionuclide 117mSn (tin-117m) embedded in a homogeneous colloid is a novel radiosynoviorthesis (RSO) device for intra-articular (IA) administration to treat synovial inflammation and mitigate osteoarthritis (OA) in dogs. A study to evaluate tin-117m colloid treatment response in dogs with OA was conducted at two centers, the School of Veterinary Medicine at Louisiana State University, and at a referral practice in Houston, Texas. The tin-117m colloid was administered per-protocol to 14 client-owned dogs with radiographically confirmed, grade 3 OA in one or both elbow joints.

Anisotropy of the Radiation Field Following Canine Sn-117m Treatment.

Tin-117m (117mSn) is used to treated dogs with osteoarthritic joints by radiosynoviorthesis. The internal conversion and Auger electrons emitted by the 117mSn provide the therapeutic effect. Sn-117m also emits gamma rays, of which the most significant is 158.

A model for the development and growth of the parasitic stages of Parascaris spp. in the horse.

Literature documenting the growth and development of Parascaris spp. infections was used to develop a model describing worm dynamics in the young horse. The model incorporates four main variables; the rate at which larvae migrate through host tissues to return to the small intestine, the proportion of migrating larvae which succeed in returning to the small intestine, the rate of growth in size of maturing and adult worms and the survival rate of maturing and adult worms.

Objective evaluation of two deworming regimens in young Thoroughbreds using parasitological and performance parameters.

Parasitic helminths of equids are capable of causing ill-thrift, clinical disease, and death. Although young horses are the most susceptible to parasitic disease and are the most intensively treated cohort, deworming regimens are rarely evaluated within this age group. This study objectively evaluated the impact of deworming regimen on fecal egg counts (FECs), growth rates, and body-condition scores in young Thoroughbreds.

An ultrasonographic scoring method for transabdominal monitoring of ascarid burdens in foals.

Reasons For Performing Study: Parascaris spp. infections can lead to life-threatening small intestinal impactions in foals. Currently available diagnostic techniques cannot estimate the magnitude of an ascarid burden, and hence identify foals potentially at risk of developing impactions.

A model for the dynamics of the free-living stages of equine cyathostomins.

Anthelmintic resistance in strongyle nematode parasites of horses is an expanding global problem and steps need to be taken to slow its development before control becomes more problematic. A move away from traditional deworming programmes, involving frequent whole-herd treatments with broad spectrum anthelmintics, to a more strategic or targeted use of chemicals is required. However, anthelmintic resistance management strategies which also maintain effective control are invariably more complicated and often require a greater understanding of both nematode epidemiology and grazing management, than does the simple routine use of chemicals.

Anthelmintic resistance in equine parasites--current evidence and knowledge gaps.

Anthelmintic resistance is becoming increasingly prevalent among equine nematode parasites. The first reports documenting resistance were published in the 1960s, just a short time after introduction of the first modern anthelmintics phenothiazine and thiabendazole. Several factors are known to influence development of resistance, but evidence specific to equine parasites is limited.

Antimicrobial-associated diarrhoea in three equine referral practices.

Reasons For Performing Study: Although antimicrobial-associated diarrhoea (AAD) is the most frequently observed adverse effect of antimicrobial therapy in horses, few multicentred studies on the prevalence of AAD have been performed.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of AAD in horses that developed diarrhoea after antimicrobial treatment for nondiarrhoeic conditions and identify the antimicrobials used.

Methods: The 2009 database of 3 referral hospitals was searched to identify nonhospitalised horses (weanling age or older) treated with antimicrobials for nongastrointestinal conditions.

Plasma and pulmonary disposition of ceftiofur and its metabolites after intramuscular administration of ceftiofur crystalline free acid in weanling foals.

The objectives of this study were to determine the plasma and pulmonary disposition of ceftiofur crystalline free acid (CCFA) in weanling foals and to compare the plasma pharmacokinetic profile of weanling foals to that of adult horses. A single dose of CCFA was administered intramuscularly to six weanling foals and six adult horses at a dose of 6.6 mg/kg of body weight.

Exploration of developmental approaches to companion animal antimicrobials: providing for the unmet therapeutic needs of dogs and cats.

The American Academy of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics (AAVPT) and the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) co-sponsored a workshop to explore approaches for developing companion animal antimicrobials. This workshop was developed in response to the shortage of antimicrobials labeled for dogs and cats, as there is a shortage of approved antimicrobials for the range of infectious diseases commonly treated in small animal practice. The objective of the workshop was to identify alternative approaches to data development to support new indications consistent with the unmet therapeutic needs of dogs and cats.

Pharmacokinetics of probenecid and the effect of oral probenecid administration on the pharmacokinetics of cefazolin in mares.

The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of probenecid given IV and orally at the dosage level of 10 mg/kg of body weight to mares were investigated. Probenecid given IV was characterized by a rapid disposition phase with a mean half-life of 14.0 minutes and a subsequent slower elimination phase with a mean half-life of 87.

Retrospective analysis of 29 fractures of the olecranon process of the equine ulna.

Twenty-nine fractures of the olecranon process of the ulna in horses treated at The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine from 1973 through 1983 were evaluated. The objectives of the study were to determine the prognosis for various configurations of fractures of the olecranon process of the ulna, to determine what preoperative factors influenced the prognosis, and to evaluate the efficacy of the treatment methods used. The fractures were placed in one of 4 categories on the basis of severity of the injury: type-1 fractures involved the physeal plate; type-2 fractures involved the olecranon at the level of the anconeal notch (narrowest cross-sectional area of the ulna); type-3 fractures involved the proximal portion of the olecranon without involving the elbow joint; and type-4 fractures were severely comminuted fractures.

Surgical correction of angular limb deformities in foals: a retrospective study.

The outcome of surgical treatment of angular limb deformities in 29 foals was evaluated through long-term monitoring of athletic performance. Foals were placed into 1 of 2 groups, depending on the site of the angular limb deformity. In group 1 foals, the deformity involved the carpus of distal end of the radius.

Blood chemical abnormalities in cattle with ruptured bladders and ruptured urethras.

A study was undertaken to determine the blood chemical variables and compare changes that occurred with ruptured bladders and ruptured urethras in steers and yearling bulls. The fatality rates were 10.5% in steers with ruptured urethras and 50.