Effect of ligation on internal carotid artery blood pressure in horses.

The effect of a single ligature on back pressure in the internal carotid artery was studied in nine horses. In six anesthetized horses, one internal carotid artery was catheterized 2 cm from its origin and blood pressure was recorded continuously. Then the artery was ligated, pressure was recorded again, and the horses were euthanatized.

Use of a bovine hemoglobin preparation in the treatment of cyclic ovarian hemorrhage in a miniature horse.

Anemia that was secondary to ovarian hemorrhage in a 4-year-old miniature horse mare was treated prior to laparotomy with polymerized ultrapurified bovine hemoglobin (PUBH). Two previous whole-blood transfusions had resulted in acute transfusion reaction, and a suitable blood donor could not be found among 9 horses, necessitating use of the blood substitute. Subsequent blood typing revealed the mare to be Aa-negative, with allo-antibodies against Aa in serum.

Diagnosis and prediction of cervical vertebral malformation in thoroughbred foals based on semi-quantitative radiographic indicators.

Over a period of 5 years on a central Kentucky Thoroughbred stud farm 132 foals were evaluated for the presence of cervical vertebral malformation (CVM). Lateral cervical vertebral radiographs were obtained on 70 standing foals. These radiographs were evaluated semi-quantitatively and scored numerically for the presence of stenosis of the vertebral canal, enlarged physeal growth plates, caudal extension of the dorsal border of the orifice of the vertebral canal, angular fixation, delayed ossification of bone and degenerative joint disease.

Induction and inhibition of bovine leukaemia virus expression in naturally infected cells.

Bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) resides in infected lymphocytes in a latent, repressed state but becomes expressed a few hours after the cells are cultured in vitro. We have identified several conditions and factors affecting the expression of BLV in short-term cultures of naturally infected lymphoid cells. The presence of foetal calf serum in the culture medium greatly stimulates virus expression.

Loop colostomy for management of rectal tears and small-colon injuries in horses: 10 cases (1976-1989).

Loop colostomy was performed in 10 horses as treatment for grade-III rectal tears (n = 6 horses), small-colon infarction (n = 2 horses), perirectal abscess and stenosis (n = 1 horse), and small-colon stricture (n = 1 horse). In 7 horses, the colostomy was constructed through a single incision low in the left flank, with closure of the incision around the stoma (single-incision technique). In 3 horses, 2 of which had colostomy performed as a standing procedure, the selected segment of small colon was placed from a flank incision into a separate, small incision low in the left flank (double-incision technique).

Clinical management and surgical repair of atresia coli in calves: 66 cases (1977-1988).

The medical records of 66 calves with atresia coli were reviewed; 64 calves were examined at the New York State College of Veterinary Medicine, and 2 calves were examined at the New Bolton Center. In each case, the site of the atresia was within the spiral loop of the ascending colon. In 1 of these calves, a segment of jejunum was also atretic.

In vitro transport of cycloleucine by equine cecal mucosa.

Mucosa obtained from the cecum of healthy horses and incubated in vitro with 0.1 mM cycloleucine could accumulate this amino acid against an apparent concentration gradient after 60 and 120 minutes. Accumulation by the serosal (antiluminal) surface of the tissue was 3 times greater than accumulation by the mucosal (luminal) surface after 120 minutes (P less than 0.

Third-degree perineal lacerations and rectovestibular fistulae in cattle: 20 cases (1981-1988).

The case records of 20 cows with either a third-degree perineal laceration or rectovestibular fistula were reviewed to ascertain the signalment, history, treatment, and long-term result of treatment. Fifteen cows, including 10 first-calf cows, had third-degree perineal lacerations that occurred at calving. Surgery was done in 14 of 15 cows; 10 of the 14 (71%) remained fertile.

In vitro transport of L-alanine by equine cecal mucosa.

When sheets of mucosa from the cecum of clinically normal horses were incubated in vitro with radiolabeled L-alanine, they could accumulate this amino acid against an apparent concentration gradient after 60 to 150 minutes of incubation. The active transport system for L-alanine was on the serosal surface of the mucosal sheet only. L-Alanine accumulation at 60 minutes was partly inhibited by 20 mM glycine (P less than 0.

Equine class II MHC antigens: identification of two sets of epitopes using anti-human monoclonal antibodies.

Six mouse and 13 rat monoclonal antibodies (mAb) recognizing HLA-DR, DQ and DP antigens were used for the detection of cell surface class II MHC antigens of equine lymphocytes. The monoclonal antibodies were tested against peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from a panel of thoroughbred horses, using two-color fluorescence flow cytometry. Seven of these mAbs reacted with both surface immunoglobulin positive (sIg+) and surface immunoglobulin negative (sIg-) lymphocytes.

Guttural pouch tympany: 15 cases (1977-1986).

From 1977 to 1986, guttural pouch tympany was diagnosed in 15 horses--11 fillies and 4 colts. Review of the medical records provided results of physical, microbiologic, radiographic, and endoscopic examinations, treatment protocols, complications, and recovery rate. All affected horses had visible swelling in the parotid gland region, 9 had abnormal respiratory noise, 5 had pneumonia, and 1 had dysphagia.

Occlusion of the external carotid and maxillary arteries in the horse to prevent hemorrhage from guttural pouch mycosis.

Balloon-tipped catheters were used to occlude the external carotid artery and its branches in nine horses with hemorrhage caused by guttural pouch mycosis. The internal carotid artery on the affected side was occluded simultaneously in four horses and had been occluded previously in two others. In three horses, a single balloon-tipped catheter was inserted in the external carotid artery beneath the floor of the guttural pouch and its tip was advanced blindly into distal branches.

The use of skin expansion to repair cosmetic defects in animals.

Skin expansion was used in three horses, one heifer, and one dog to aid in the repair of cosmetic defects. Skin expansion was produced by inserting an expandable silicone device subcutaneously and gradually inflating the device with saline. Skin expansion allowed skin to be mobilized and sutured over cosmetic defects without excessive tension.

Hepaticojejunostomy for treatment of common hepatic duct obstructions associated with duodenal stenosis in two foals.

Two female Standardbred foals 2 and 3 months of age were presented with signs of gastroduodenal obstruction that was confirmed with contrast radiography and exploratory surgery. Ventral midline celiotomy was performed, showing stenosis of the duodenum proximal and distal to the hepatopancreatic ampulla. The common hepatic duct, the pancreatic duct, and the sigmoid section of the duodenum proximal to the stenosis were greatly dilated.

Diagnosis and surgical correction of patent ductus venosus in a calf.

Patent ductus venosus was diagnosed in a 10-week-old Holstein heifer with acute onset of collapse and marked tenesmus. Additional clinical signs observed during the course of hospitalization included depression, anorexia, hind limb ataxia, bruxism, and poor growth. Clinicopathologic test results included high blood ammonia concentration, prolonged sulfobromophthalein half-life, and high serum bile acid concentration.

Prognostic index for acute abdominal crisis (colic) in horses.

Selected physical and laboratory findings in 29 horses with acute abdominal crisis were evaluated retrospectively with a logistic regression equation to predict survival or death. Of 17 variables examined, 2 were found to have good predictive correlation. Serum lactate and packed cell volume had a combined predictive value of 94%.

Esophageal duplication cyst as a cause of choke in the horse.

A mare was examined for episodic choking and an abscess in the perilaryngeal region. One month before referral, the mass progressively enlarged, causing esophageal choking. An extraluminal compression of the esophagus 90 cm from the external nares was found on endoscopy and contrast radiography.

Omental fibrosarcoma in a horse.

A 13-year-old Thoroughbred mare had a 2-week history of weight loss and intermittent fever. Examination of abdominal and pleural fluid revealed peritonitis and pleuritis. Ultrasonography of the ventral abdominal midline revealed an intra-abdominal mass.

Implantation of a permanent transvenous pacing catheter in a horse with complete heart block and syncope.

A permanent, transvenous, atrioventricular, sequential pacing system was implanted successfully in a 7-year-old Quarter Horse gelding with complete heart block. The transvenous atrial and ventricular electrodes were placed in their respective positions in the heart, using real-time, 2-dimensional echocardiography. The horse was able to return successfully to competition as a show horse.

Normal motility of the cecum and right ventral colon in ponies.

To study the normal motility of the cecum and right ventral colon (RVC) in 3 mature Shetland ponies, a 6-part, indwelling, intraluminal catheter system was used to measure intraluminal pressure changes. Three catheters were placed in the cecum at 10, 25, and 40 cm from the cecocolic orifice, and 3 catheters were placed in the RVC at 10, 20, and 30 cm from the cecocolic orifice. Recordings were made during the interdigestive period beginning 2 weeks after surgical operation was done.

Equine leukocyte antigens: relationships with sarcoid tumors and laminitis in two pure breeds.

Frequencies of equine leukocyte antigen distribution were determined by complement-mediated cytotoxicity testing among populations of Thoroughbred and Standardbred horses, including animals affected with equine sarcoid and laminitis. A highly significant association is described between the presence or history of sarcoid lesions in Thoroughbreds and the expression of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-encoded antigens, W3 and B1. No association was found between antigenic expression frequencies and laminitis in either breed.

Cecal perforation in the horse.

The case records of 23 horses with cecal perforation (CP) were reviewed. The horses averaged 4.5 years of age (6 weeks to 13 years) and included 9 intact males, 12 mares, and 2 geldings.

Intestinal decompression: preliminary study in the horse.

A technique of nasoduodenal (N-D) intubation and intestinal decompression was developed and used in the horse to explore the prevention of gastric and intestinal distention after abdominal surgical operation. Three styles of tubes (2 single-lumen tubes and 1 double-lumen tube) were positioned in the duodenum of 12 mature horses (10 experimental and 2 clinical) during laparotomy (without enterotomy), and an iatrogenic occlusion at the small intestine was created and later released in the 10 experimental horses. The 2 clinical horses had an exploratory laparotomy to correct a natural obstruction of the small intestine.

Transfer of vitamin A from intestine to plasma in lambs fed low and high intakes of vitamin A.

Three groups of lambs were fed a low carotene diet supplemented with vitamin A proprionate equivalent to 0, 100 or 12,000 micrograms retinol per kilogram per day via rumen cannulae. These groups were mildly deficient, normal (control) and intoxicated, respectively. After 17 weeks, abomasal cannulae were implanted, [15-3H]retinol was injected into the abomasum, and jugular blood was sampled for 48 hours.