The underwater sound levels of Lithuanian marine harbour.

Aquatic animals rely on sound to communicate, navigate, prey, or avoid predation in turbid waters. The acoustic environment of their habitats plays an important role in their life, i.e.

Underwater noise level predictions of ammunition explosions in the shallow area of Lithuanian Baltic Sea.

Among the noisiest man-made activities in the seas, emitting very high acoustic energy are the underwater explosions of various objects and ship shock trials. Sound energy emitted by high explosives can be predicted or measured at sea. Sometimes, it can be convenient to apply empirical formulas and scaling laws to approximate the energy of underwater explosions.

Method for the simplistic modelling of the acoustic footprint of the vessels in the shallow marine area.

The definitions of the 11th descriptor of the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) "Underwater noise and other forms of energy" outlines the standards for the continuous noise evaluation and monitoring in the European seas. Long lasting fluctuations of the continuous underwater noise at the shallow marine areas in the low frequency bands (<1 kHz) are mostly associated with the shipping noise, where these fluctuations are sensitive to changes in the spatial distribution of human activities, or changes of environmental and climatic variables. Underwater noise modelling is usually considered as a supplement to noise measurements, where models increases the utility of the measurement results.

Piling underwater noise impact on migrating salmon fish during Lithuanian LNG terminal construction (Curonian Lagoon, Eastern Baltic Sea Coast).

Development of human activities in the Klaipėda strait generates a wide spectrum of underwater noise. In the fall of 2013, at the liquid natural gas terminal construction site in the shallow Curonian Lagoon area, an assessment of possible negative impacts on migrating salmon fish caused by pile driving noise was made. It is well known that impact hammer pile driving generates pulses with extremely high underwater noise levels.