Cell-Free Carbonic Anhydrase IX mRNA in Urine as Biomarker for Urogenital Cancers: The Relationship Between Urinary Extracellular RNA and Tumor-Cell-Associated RNA.

Circulating tumor cells and cell-free nucleic acids are novel diagnostic, prognostic and predictive tools for non-invasive and cost-effective cancer detection in liquid biopsy. Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) has been proposed as a biomarker in urogenital tumors and urine sediment. Our aim was to evaluate CAIX full-length percentage (CAIX FL%) in urine-cell-free RNA (cfRNA) and its relationship with tumor-cell-associated RNA (TC-RNA).

Platinum-based chemotherapy in metastatic prostate cancer: what possibilities?

Metastatic prostate cancer is a major health burden worldwide, necessitating the continuous development of effective treatment strategies. Androgen deprivation therapy remains the cornerstone of prostate cancer treatment, but novel approaches are needed for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Recent studies have highlighted the prevalence of mutations in DNA repair genes, including BRCA1 and BRCA2, in mCRPC patients, rendering them more susceptible to platinum-based chemotherapy and Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors.

Tyrosine kinase and immune checkpoints inhibitors in favorable risk metastatic renal cell carcinoma: Trick or treat?

Over the past decade, the management of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has undergone rapid evolution, culminating in a significant improvement in prognosis with frontline immunotherapy. RCC is a highly immunogenic and pro-angiogenic cancer, and mounting evidence has established the immunosuppressive effects of pro-angiogenic factors on the host's immune system. Anti-angiogenic agents such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and bevacizumab, which obstruct the vascular endothelial growth factor pathway, have demonstrated the potential to enhance antitumor activity and improve the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).

Adjuvant Therapy for Renal Cell Carcinoma: Hype or Hope?

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the third most common genitourinary cancer accounting for approximately 180,000 deaths worldwide in 2020. Although over two-thirds of patients initially present localized disease, up to 50% of them may progress to metastatic disease. Adjuvant therapy aims to reduce the recurrence risk and improve outcomes in several types of cancers but is currently an unmet need in RCC.

Inflammation in Urological Malignancies: The Silent Killer.

Several studies have investigated the role of inflammation in promoting tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Neoplastic as well as surrounding stromal and inflammatory cells engage in well-orchestrated reciprocal interactions to establish an inflammatory tumor microenvironment. The tumor-associated inflammatory tissue is highly plastic, capable of continuously modifying its phenotypic and functional characteristics.

Gender and Advanced Urothelial Cancer: Outcome, Efficacy and Toxicity following Chemotherapy.

: The incidence of urothelial cancer in males is higher than in females; however, females have a higher risk of recurrence and progression. The aim of our study was to report the effect of gender on the oncological outcome in advanced urothelial cancer. : In our retrospective study, all patients had undergone primary surgical treatment for urothelial cancer and were affected by stage IV disease at the time of chemotherapy.

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Urothelial Bladder Cancer: State of the Art and Future Perspectives.

Bladder cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy of the genitourinary tract, with high morbidity and mortality rates. Until recently, the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic urothelial BC was based on the use of chemotherapy alone. Since 2016, five immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in different settings, i.

Prostate Cancer Characteristics in Renal Transplant Recipients: A 25-Year Experience From a Single Centre.

The incidence of prostate cancer in renal transplant recipients (RTRs) is increasing, but few data are available in the literature. In this study, we reviewed the 25-year experience in the management of prostate cancer after kidney transplantation at the Florence Transplant Centre. We retrospectively reviewed the data from 617 RTR male patients who underwent renal transplantation at our institute between July 1996 and September 2016.

The Impact of Lockdown on Couples' Sex Lives.

Background: the aim of this study was to perform an Italian telematics survey analysis on the changes in couples' sex lives during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown.

Methods: a multicenter cross sectional study was conducted on people sexually active and in stable relationships for at least 6 months. To evaluate male and female sexual dysfunctions, we used the international index of erectile function (IIEF-15) and the female sexual function index (FSFI), respectively; marital quality and stability were evaluated by the marital adjustment test (items 10-15); to evaluate the severity of anxiety symptoms, we used the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale.

Is partial nephrectomy safe and effective in the setting of frail comorbid patients affected by renal cell carcinoma? Insights from the RECORD 2 multicentre prospective study.

Background: To investigate the perioperative and morbidity outcomes after partial nephrectomy (PN) in patients with short life expectancy (SLE) (≥95% 10-year expected mortality (10y-EM)), to assess the main predictors of outcomes in this population and to compare these results with those of a group at the opposite upper range with long LE (LLE, ≤5% 10y-EM) relying on a multicenter Italian prospective registry of kidney surgery (the RECORD 2 project).

Methods: Clinical data of 4,325 patients undergone kidney surgery were collected at 26 urological Italian Centers from 2013 to 2016. SLE was defined as a ≥95% 10y-EM (assessed using the age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index [CCI]).

Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction Detection of Microchimerism in Female Transplant Renal Recipients.

Introduction: Microchimerism (MC) is the presence of a small amount of foreign cells or DNA within a person's circulation or tissues. It has been identified also in recipients of solid organ transplants where it seems to be critical for the development and maintenance of immunological tolerance. Nevertheless, natural and/or iatrogenic MC can be acquired prior to transplantation, through pregnancy and/or blood transfusion.

Transperitoneal vs retroperitoneal minimally invasive partial nephrectomy: comparison of perioperative outcomes and functional follow-up in a large multi-institutional cohort (The RECORD 2 Project).

Background: Aim of this study was to evaluate and compare perioperative outcomes of transperitoneal (TP) and retroperitoneal (TR) approaches in a multi-institutional cohort of minimally invasive partial nephrectomy (MI-PN).

Material And Methods: All consecutive patients undergone MI-PN for clinical T1 renal tumors at 26 Italian centers (RECORd2 project) between 01/2013 and 12/2016 were evaluated, collecting the pre-, intra-, and postoperative data. The patients were then stratified according to the surgical approach, TP or RP.

Treating De Novo Metastatic Castration-Sensitive Prostate Cancer With Visceral Metastases: An Evolving Issue.

Visceral metastasis is widely considered a prognostic factor for overall survival of men with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC) and has been historically managed with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). More recently, this therapeutic scenario has been enriched by the possibility to integrate ADT with chemotherapy or novel androgen-signaling-targeted inhibitors. In order to define the effect of chemotherapy/androgen-signaling-targeted inhibitors plus ADT, we performed a pooled analysis on patients with mCSPC and visceral metastases, revealing that survival was significantly improved in patients without visceral metastasis (hazard ratio, 0.

An overview of the clinical use of cabozantinib in the treatment of advanced non-clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (NCCRCC).

Patients diagnosed with non-clear renal cell carcinoma have often been excluded from clinical trials due to the shortage of treatments available, the low incidence of tumours with non-clear histology, and the corresponding diversity of intrinsic molecular features. This approach led to a knowledge gap in finding the optimal treatment for patients diagnosed with non-clear cell renal carcinoma. Cabozantinib, a potent multiple tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor, has been recently investigated in patients with non-clear cell histologies of renal cell cancer.

Predicting positive surgical margins in partial nephrectomy: A prospective multicentre observational study (the RECORd 2 project).

Purpose: to evaluate clinical predictors of positive surgical margins (PSMs) in a large multicenter prospective observational study and to develop a clinic nomogram to predict the likelihood of PSMs after partial nephrectomy (PN).

Materials And Methods: We prospectively evaluated 4308 patients who had surgical treatment for renal tumors between January 2013 and December 2016 at 26 urological Italian Centers (RECORd 2 project). Two multivariable logistic models were evaluated to predict the likelihood of PSMs.

Coital Incontinence in Women With Urinary Incontinence: An International Study.

Introduction: Coital urinary incontinence (CUI) is not much explored during clinical history, and this could lead to an underestimation of the problem.

Aim: To evaluate the prevalence and clinical risk factors of CUI in women with urinary incontinence (UI), and to measure the impact of CUI on women's sexuality and quality of life.

Methods: This was a multicenter international study, conducted in Italy, Greece, the United States, and Egypt.

Long-term experience with a novel uterine-sparing transvaginal mesh procedure for uterovaginal prolapse.

Objectives: To evaluate outcomes and quality of life in patients operated transvaginally with an original mesh shape for uterus-sparing prolapse surgery and to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of the technique.

Study Design: We prospectively evaluated 66 postmenopausal patients (POP-Q Stage III: 32, IV: 34) operated between May 2008 and December 2013. We used wide weave polypropylene monofilament mesh that functions as a hammock anchored posteriorly to sacrospinous ligaments, its anterior wings exit the pelvis through the obturatory membrane.

Urological dysfunction in young women: an inheritance of childhood?

Objective: To investigate the correlation of a history of lower urinary tract symptomatology during childhood with lower urinary tract dysfunction in young adult women.

Subjects And Methods: This was a multicentre, prospective, case-control study conducted between April 2013 and November 2015. A total of 300 women, aged 18-40 years, participated.

Long-term complications arising from bowel interposition in the urinary tract.

After radical cystectomy or pathologies affecting the ureter(s), bowel segments can be employed to restore the natural urine flow or to create an external urinary diversion. Nevertheless, the interposition of bowel segments in the urinary tract is not devoid of complications. In fact, bowel's microstructure differs from the urothelium; specifically its mucosa is aimed at reabsorption, rather than storage.

Urinary symptoms and sexual dysfunction among Italian men: The results of the #Controllati survey.

Objective: Prevention may improve the quality of life and sexual and reproductive health. To improve prevention require a comprehensive research approach that examines the frequency and risk factors for urologic conditions. In June 2016 the Italian Urologic Society coordinated a preventive initiative : the 1st Week of Male Urologic Prevention "#Controllati".

Conservative approach for a solitary fibrous tumor of the kidney.

Introduction: Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) of the kidney represents a rare neoplasm, and its malignant potential seems to be scarce. Classically, a radical nephrectomy is regarded as the treatment of choice for this condition.

Case Report: We present the case of a 37-year-old male patient who underwent left robotic clampless partial nephrectomy of an SFT of the kidney.