Immune-related gigantomastia: a case study.

PD-1/PDL-1 inhibitors have revolutionized cancer treatment, especially in lung cancer. Despite their efficacy, a new spectrum of side effects, called immune-related adverse events, may occur and their management could be difficult. Gigantomastia, a rare condition characterized by excessive growth of the breasts, has been associated with some drugs, but no correlation with immunotherapy has ever been reported.

Case Report: Male Lobular Breast Cancer in Hereditary Cancer Syndromes.

Background: Lobular breast carcinoma (LBC) is considered an exceptionally rare disease in men, including only 1% of all male breast malignancies. The majority of LBCs have negative immunohistochemical staining for E-cadherin () expression, and the loss of function was traditionally implicated in the tumorigenesis of diffuse gastric cancer as well as LBC. It is well recognized that LBC in women could be involved in both hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) and hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) syndromes; however, there are no data present in literature about the involvement of male LBC in these inherited conditions.

Expression of calretinin in high-grade hormone receptor-negative invasive breast carcinomas: correlation with histological and molecular subtypes.

Calretinin expression has been reported in neoplasms arising in various organs, including the breast. We investigated the relationship of calretinin expression with different histological and molecular subtypes of invasive breast carcinomas (IBCs) and its prognostic significance in high-grade female hormone receptor-negative IBCs. A total of 196 cases of IBCs of different histological subtypes were analyzed for immunohistochemical expression of calretinin, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), basal-like (BL), apocrine, and proliferative markers and grouped in different molecular subtypes.

Pancreatic PEComa: a case report with ultrastructural localization of HMB-45 within melanosomes.

PEComas (perivascular epithelioid cell tumors) represent a group of mesenchymal neoplasms showing characteristic morphologic, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and genetic features. These neoplasms are usually considered benign, being often well circumscribed by a thin capsule and showing scarce atypia. However, in some cases, they show local invasion and multiple metastases and cause the patient's death.

Androgen receptor is frequently expressed in HER2-positive, ER/PR-negative breast cancers.

The estrogen receptor (ER)/progesterone receptor (PR)-negative breast carcinomas (BCs) encompass three molecular subtypes: one with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER) overexpression, one normal like, and the triple negative. The androgen receptor (AR) is expressed in 70-90% of invasive BCs. The aim of our study is to detect the expression of AR in a series of ER/PR-negative BCs to ascertain if there is clinical significance in relation to BC molecular subtypes.

Cytomegalovirus infection of endocrine system in a patient with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Report of a case.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is an opportunistic pathogen causing different diseases in immunocompromised patients and leading to death in a high percentage of cases. CMV infection is also relatively frequent among patients with hematological malignancies, especially when treated with immunosuppressive agents. We describe the clinical history of a patient with stage IV diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) treated with eight courses of R-CHOP every two weeks, who presented clinical remission of the disease at the end of therapy.

Primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the kidney: morphological, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and cytogenetic study of a case and review of the literature.

Poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (PDNECs) of the kidney are extremely rare high-grade cancers accounting for only 42 cases reported in the literature. In this paper, we describe the morphological, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and for the first time, cytogenetic features of a renal PDNEC. In addition, we have reviewed the literature and compared the published clinicopathological data with our morphological and genetic results.