Flat Fresnel doublets made of PMMA and PC: combining low cost production and very high concentration ratio for CPV.

The linear chromatic aberration (LCA) of several combinations of polycarbonates (PCs) and poly (methyl methacrylates) (PMMAs) as singlet, hybrid (refractive/diffractive) lenses and doublets operating with wavelengths between 380 and 1600 nm - corresponding to a typical zone of interest of concentrated photovoltaics (CPV) - are compared. Those comparisons show that the maximum theoretical concentration factor for singlets is limited to about 1000 × at normal incidence and that hybrid lenses and refractive doublets present a smaller LCA increasing the concentration factor up to 5000 × and 2 × 10(6) respectively. A new achromatization equation more useful than the Abbé equation is also presented.