Tailored Approach to Temporary Mechanical Circulatory Support for Cardiogenic Shock: Strategies to Facilitate Patient Mobilization.

Purpose Of Review: This article discusses a tailored approach to managing cardiogenic shock and temporary mechanical circulatory support (tMCS). We also outline specific mobilization strategies for patients with different tMCS devices and configurations, which can be enabled by this tailored approach to cardiogenic shock management.

Recent Findings: Safe and effective mobilization of patients with cardiogenic shock receiving tMCS can be accomplished.

Preliminary studies for the standardization of a pXRF analyzer ICP-OES for the accurate quantification of Pb in new paint.

Determining lead (Pb) concentrations in new paints using spectroscopic methods such as Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) requires technical expertise, consumables, equipment for method preparation, and instrumentation that can be cost prohibitive and difficult to maintain in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Although portable X-ray Fluorescence (pXRF) analyzers are less expensive and simple to operate, their inaccuracy has limited their use to screening for the analysis of Pb in new, dried paint. To determine the limits of pXRF analyzers, new paint samples were purchased, dried, homogenized, and analyzed pXRF and ICP-OES.

Causes, Solutions and Health Inequalities: Comparing Perspectives of Professional Stakeholders and Community Participants Experiencing Low Income and Poor Health in London.

Background: Engaging with the public can influence policy decisions, particularly towards more radical policy change. While established research exists exploring public perceptions on causes of health inequalities, much less exists on how to tackle health inequalities in the UK. Despite an emphasis on 'lived experience', currently no study has focused on how individuals with very poor health conceive of both causes of, and solutions to, health inequalities.

Racial and nonracial discrimination and tobacco use among high school students in California.

Background: The public health literature has established a relationship between discrimination, health outcomes, and health and well-being in adolescence. The objective of this study is to add vaping to the existing studies on discrimination and tobacco use among youth. To achieve this objective, the analysis examined the relationship between discrimination, type of discrimination, and current tobacco use, including current vape use, among adolescents in California.

Flavored Tobacco Product Use Among California Adolescents Before and Immediately After a Statewide Flavor Ban.

Introduction: In December 2022, a California law banned the retail sale of most flavored tobacco products (including e-cigarettes). This investigation evaluates adolescents' use of flavored tobacco before and after enactment.

Methods: The Teens Nicotine and Tobacco Project included online surveys of California adolescents (age 12-17) in 2022 (N=5127) and 2023 (N=5015) that assessed past 30-day use of various tobacco products, flavored product use, and perceived access to flavored e-cigarettes.

Acute inflammation upregulates FAHFAs in adipose tissue and in differentiated adipocytes.

Since the discovery of fatty acid hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs), significant progress has been made in understanding their regulation, biochemistry, and physiological activities. Here, we contribute to this understanding by revealing that inflammation induces the production of fatty acid hydroxy stearic acids and fatty acid hydroxyoctadecadienoic acids in white adipose tissue depots and in adipocytes cocultured with macrophages. In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced coculture systems, we confirm that adipose triglyceride lipase is required for inflammation-induced FAHFA generation and demonstrate that inflammation is necessary for producing hydroxy fatty acids.

Microprotein-encoding RNA regulation in cells treated with pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic stimuli.

Background: Recent analysis of the human proteome via proteogenomics and ribosome profiling of the transcriptome revealed the existence of thousands of previously unannotated microprotein-coding small open reading frames (smORFs). Most functional microproteins were chosen for characterization because of their evolutionary conservation. However, one example of a non-conserved immunomodulatory microprotein in mice suggests that strict sequence conservation misses some intriguing microproteins.

Topical anesthesia strabismus surgery.

Introduction: Topical anesthesia strabismus surgery is practised in selected surgical situations in the management of adult strabismus. Careful patient selection and patient co-operation throughout the surgery forms the crux of successfully completing the procedure.

Objective: To discuss and identify the scope of topical anesthesia in strabismus surgery based on the current level of evidence.

A Contingent Valuation Study for Use in Valuing Public Goods with Health Externalities: The Case of Street Pianos.

Background: Clinical healthcare is not the only way to improve an individual's health. Community-based interventions can have health and wellbeing impacts as well; however, the nature of these interventions, which have public good characteristics, poses challenges for the typical ways in which we value outcomes for use in (health) economic evaluations. The approaches to valuation of these type of interventions should allow for the incorporation of all types of values including option value, externalities and individual use-value.

Considerations Around the Inclusion of Children and Young People's Time in Economic Evaluation: Findings from an International Delphi Study.

Background: People's time is a finite resource and a valuable input that ought to be considered in economic evaluations taking a broad, societal perspective. Yet, evaluations of interventions focusing on children and young people (CYP) rarely account for the opportunity cost of time in this population. As a key reason for this, health economists have pointed to uncertainty around when it is appropriate to include CYP time-related costs in an economic evaluation and highlighted the lack of clear guidance on the topic.

Living on low-incomes with multiple long-term health conditions: A new method to explore the complex interaction between finance and health.

People on low-incomes in the UK develop multiple long-term health conditions over 10 years earlier than affluent individuals. Financial diaries -new to public health- are used to explore the lived experiences of financially-vulnerable individuals, diagnosed with at least one long-term condition, living in two inner-city London Boroughs. Findings show that the health status of these individuals is a key barrier to work opportunities, undermining their income.

Pressure injury treatment by intermittent electrical stimulation (PROTECT-2): protocol for a multicenter randomized clinical trial.

Background: Pressure ulcers account for a substantial fraction of hospital-acquired pathology, with consequent morbidity and economic cost. Treatments are largely focused on preventing further injury, whereas interventions that facilitate healing remain limited. Intermittent electrical stimulation (IES) increases local blood flow and redistributes pressure from muscle-bone interfaces, thus potentially reducing ulcer progression and facilitating healing.

Perceived discrimination and youth vaping: The role of intersectional identities.

Introduction: Electronic cigarettes (also termed e-cigarette or vapes) often contain nicotine, an addictive psychoactive substance, which can have harmful effects during adolescence. Frequent experiences of discrimination are one risk factor shown to increase susceptibility to tobacco use, especially for individuals that identify as a social minority. Applying Intersectionality Theory, this research examined the relationship between youth experiences of discrimination and vape use at the intersection of race/ethnicity and sexual orientation.

Urocortin 3 contributes to paracrine inhibition of islet alpha cells in mice.

Pancreatic alpha cell activity and glucagon secretion lower as glucose levels increase. While part of the decrease is regulated by glucose itself, paracrine signaling by their neighboring beta and delta cells also plays an important role. Somatostatin from delta cells is an important local inhibitor of alpha cells at high glucose.

3D-printed titanium alloy cage in anterior and lateral lumbar interbody fusion for degenerative lumbar spine disease.

Background: The most commonly used cages for intervertebral disc replacement in lumbar fusion procedures are made predominantly from polyetheretherketone (PEEK). There is sufficient data studying their subsidence and failure rates from a variety of approaches. A novel implant is now available for commercial use, 3D-printed porous titanium (3DppTi) alloy cages, which have recently become available for use in spinal procedures.

Hemodynamic Determinants of Cardiac Surgery-Associated Acute Kidney Injury.

Objectives: Examine the: 1) relative role of hemodynamic determinants of acute kidney injury (AKI) obtained in the immediate postcardiac surgery setting compared with established risk factors, 2) their predictive value, and 3) extent mediation via central venous pressure (CVP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP).

Design: Retrospective observational study. The main outcome of the study was moderate to severe AKI, per kidney disease: improving global outcomes, within 14 days of surgery.

Patterns in Tobacco, E-Cigarette, and Cannabis Advertising Exposure Among California Adolescents and Associations With Future Use Expectations.

Background: Exposure to tobacco, e-cigarette, or cannabis marketing is associated with adolescent use. Few studies have examined advertising exposure prevalence and patterns across these products concurrently.

Methods: This study assessed past 30-day recalled exposure to promotional messages about tobacco, e-cigarettes ("vapes" on the survey), and cannabis ("marijuana") from various sources among California adolescents (ages 12-17) in the 2022 Teens, Nicotine, and Tobacco Online Survey ( = 2530).

Alexis retractor efficacy in transthoracic thoracoscopically assisted discectomy for thoracic disc herniations.

Purpose: A transthoracic anterior or lateral approach for giant thoracic disc herniations is a complex operation which requires optimal exposure and maximal visualisation. Traditional metal rigid retractors may inflict significant skin trauma especially with prolonged operative use and limit the working angles of endoscopic instrumentation at depth. We pioneer the use of the Alexis retractor in transthoracic thoracoscopically assisted discectomy for the first time.

Health and Social Care Integration in Scotland: Evidence vs Rhetoric.

In this perspective paper we use publicly-available data to show that, despite much positive rhetoric in support of reforms in Scotland to integrate health and social care, these reforms, in their current state, have failed to meet their stated objectives. Rather than regress to the previous system, we propose continued evaluation of even more radical forms of such integration. This analysis, and set of future proposals, are timely given current considerations with respect to a National Care Service in Scotland and recent similar reforms in England and in other countries.

"I think we can do without [tobacco]": support for policies to end the tobacco epidemic among California adolescents.

Introduction: The tobacco endgame, policies aiming to end the commercial tobacco epidemic, requires sustained public support, including among youth. We assessed endgame support among California (USA) adolescents, including their reasons and associated participant and policy-specific factors.

Methods: Teens, Nicotine and Tobacco Project online surveys (n=4827) and focus groups were conducted in 2021 and 2022 among California residents aged 12-17 years.

Survival outcomes of intracranial extraventricular neurocytomas: a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis.

Objective: The rarity of intracranial extraventricular neurocytomas (EVNs) has precluded accurate definition of its surgical characteristics to date. The authors present the first survival analysis of this unique entity that aims to clarify tumor characteristics, surgical outcomes, and efficacy of postoperative adjuvant therapy.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.

Systematic Review of the Relative Social Value of Child and Adult Health.

Objectives: We aimed to synthesise knowledge on the relative social value of child and adult health.

Methods: Quantitative and qualitative studies that evaluated the willingness of the public to prioritise treatments for children over adults were included. A search to September 2023 was undertaken.

Views, obstacles, and uncertainties around the inclusion of children and young people's time in economic evaluations: Findings from an international survey of health economists.

People's time is a limited resource and, in economic evaluations that adopt a societal perspective, it is important that it is valued and accounted for. Yet, in economic evaluations of interventions for children and young people (CYP), attempts to take into account the opportunity cost of their time are rare. To understand why this is the case, we need to first understand what views health economists hold in relation to CYP time, and what challenges they face in incorporating this in their evaluations.