Circulating Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma associated MYB transcripts enable rapid and sensitive detection of metastatic disease in blood liquid biopsies.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare and lethal malignancy that originates in secretory glands of the head and neck. A prominent molecular feature of ACC is the overexpression of the proto-oncogene MYB. ACC has a poor long-term survival due to its high propensity for recurrence and protracted metastasis.

Perineural Invasion in Head and Neck Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common skin cancer, with a lifetime risk of 14-20% that is rising every year. Although prognosis for cSCC is generally good, certain high-risk features of cSCC portend increased rates of nodal and distant metastasis, recurrence, and disease-specific mortality. One such high-risk factor is perineural invasion (PNI), which is broadly defined as the invasion of cancer into and around nerves.

Circulating Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma associated MYB transcripts enable rapid and sensitive detection of metastatic disease in blood liquid biopsies.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare and lethal malignancy that originates in secretory glands of the head and neck. A prominent molecular feature of ACC is the overexpression of the proto-oncogene MYB. ACC has a poor long-term survival due to its high propensity for recurrence and protracted metastasis.

Investigating Disparities in Hypopharyngeal/Laryngeal Cancer Survival in Florida With Geospatial Mapping Analysis.

Objective: Identify predictors of overall survival (OS) after hypopharyngeal/laryngeal cancer in Florida.

Material And Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from the Florida Cancer Data System (FCDS) on patients diagnosed with hypopharyngeal or laryngeal cancer from 2010-2017. Primary outcome was OS.

Virtual Tumor Boards for Remote Learning in Head and Neck Surgical Oncology.

Importance: In addition to their patient management value, multidisciplinary tumor boards have been recognized as effective learning tools. However, the value of using a virtual tumor board as a learning tool for head and neck surgical oncology fellows has not been studied.

Objective: To describe the structure and content of the American Head and Neck Society (AHNS) Virtual Tumor Board and assess its educational value as perceived by attendees.

The Tumor Immune Microenvironment Architecture Correlates with Risk of Recurrence in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Unlabelled: Emerging evidence suggests that not only the frequency and composition of tumor-infiltrating leukocytes but also their spatial organization might be a major determinant of tumor progression and response to therapy. Therefore, mapping and analyzing the fine tumor immune architecture could potentially provide insights for predicting cancer prognosis. Here, we performed an explorative, prospective clinical study to assess whether structures within the tumor microenvironment can predict recurrence after salvage surgery in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

Distribution of the head and neck surgical oncology workforce in the United States.

Background: The recent trends in education and geographic distribution of the head and neck surgery workforce have not been studied extensively.

Methods: We reviewed publicly available sources to locate all fellowship-trained head and neck surgeons and recent graduates. The number of surgeons in each state was compared against head and neck cancer incidence data from the Centers for Disease Control.

Effect of Drain Output on the Timing of Closed Suction Drain (CSD) Removal After Head and Neck Surgery.

Background: A closed suction drain (CSD) is often utilized in head and neck surgical procedures to obliterate dead space. CSDs reduce seroma and hematoma formation, thereby improving skin apposition and wound healing. The use of drains for prolonged periods of time, however, may increase the risk of wound infection.

Indications and outcomes for elective dissection of level V in primary parotid cancer.

Background: The extent of cervical lymphadenectomy required for primary parotid cancer is not well-established.

Methods: In this retrospective case-control study, 84 patients who underwent primary parotidectomy and neck dissection for primary parotid cancer between 2010 and 2019 were identified and analyzed.

Results: Of the 84 patients, 37 underwent elective level V neck dissection.

Qualitative assessment of online information available on accredited head and neck surgery fellowship programs.

Background: The present study aims to assess the quality and availability of online information about fellowships accredited by the American Head & Neck Society (AHNS).

Methods: AHNS directory pages and institutional web sites of 50 AHNS-accredited fellowships were identified. Web pages were scored using 20 standardized criteria including general information, application information, alumni, surgical training, research, and quality-of-life.

CCR1 and CCR5 mediate cancer-induced myelopoiesis and differentiation of myeloid cells in the tumor.

Background: Cancer-induced 'emergency' myelopoiesis plays a key role in tumor progression by inducing the accumulation of myeloid cells with a suppressive phenotype peripherally and in the tumor. Chemokine receptors (CCRs) and, in particular, CCR1, CCR2, CCR5, and CCR7 are emerging as key regulators of myeloid cell trafficking and function but their precise role has not been completely clarified yet because of the signal redundancy, integration, and promiscuity of chemokines and of the expression of these CCRs on other leukocyte subsets.

Methods: We used the 4PD nanoparticle for the in vivo targeted silencing of CCR1, CCR2, CCR5, and/or CCR7 in the myeloid cells of tumor bearing mice to evaluate the effect of treatments on tumor growth, myeloid cell trafficking and polarization.

Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Perineural Invasion in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Potential Targets for Therapeutic Intervention.

The most common oral cavity cancer is squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), of which perineural invasion (PNI) is a significant prognostic factor associated with decreased survival and an increased rate of locoregional recurrence. In the classical theory of PNI, cancer was believed to invade nerves directly through the path of least resistance in the perineural space; however, more recent evidence suggests that PNI requires reciprocal signaling interactions between tumor cells and nerve components, particularly Schwann cells. Specifically, head and neck SCC can express neurotrophins and neurotrophin receptors that may contribute to cancer migration towards nerves, PNI, and neuritogenesis towards cancer.

Mesenchymal Neoplasms of Salivary Glands: A Clinicopathologic Study of 68 Cases.

Salivary gland neoplasms are uncommon, and most exhibit epithelial differentiation. Mesenchymal neoplasms of the salivary gland are rare, and the incidence ranges from 1.9% to 5%.

Primary Sarcomas of the Larynx: A Clinicopathologic Study of 27 Cases.

Primary sarcomas of the larynx are rare and are associated with diagnostic and treatment challenges. Studies of these tumors are limited, and most examples have been reported as small series. To further increase our understanding of laryngeal sarcomas, we reviewed our experience of an adult cohort.

Head and neck surgery global outreach: Ethics, planning, and impact.

Background: Head and neck surgical oncology and reconstruction are uniquely suited to address burdens of disease in underserved areas. Since these efforts are not well known in our specialty, we sought to understand global outreach throughout our society of surgeons.

Methods: Survey distributed to members of the American Head and Neck Surgery involved in international humanitarian head and neck surgical outreach trips.

Initial Experience Using 3-Dimensional Printed Models for Head and Neck Reconstruction in Haiti.

This report describes the first use of a novel workflow for in-house computer-aided design (CAD) for application in a resource-limited surgical outreach setting. Preoperative computed tomography imaging obtained locally in Haiti was used to produce rapid-prototyped 3-dimensional (3D) mandibular models for 2 patients with large ameloblastomas. Models were used for patient consent, surgical education, and surgical planning.

Aptamers against mouse and human tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells as reagents for targeted chemotherapy.

Local delivery of anticancer agents has the potential to maximize treatment efficacy and minimize the acute and long-term systemic toxicities. Here, we used unsupervised systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment to identify four RNA aptamers that specifically recognized mouse and human myeloid cells infiltrating tumors but not their peripheral or circulating counterparts in multiple mouse models and from patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The use of these aptamers conjugated to doxorubicin enhanced the accumulation and bystander release of the chemotherapeutic drug in both primary and metastatic tumor sites in breast and fibrosarcoma mouse models.

False-positive reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction screening for SARS-CoV-2 in the setting of urgent head and neck surgery and otolaryngologic emergencies during the pandemic: Clinical implications.

Background: No reports describe falsepositive reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for novel coronavirus in preoperative screening.

Methods: Preoperative patients had one or two nasopharyngeal swabs, depending on low or high risk of viral transmission. Positive tests were repeated.

Approaching Otolaryngology Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

. To describe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patient presentations requiring otolaryngology consultation and provide recommendations for protective measures based on the experience of ear, nose, and throat (ENT) departments in 4 Chinese hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic. .

Advanced head and neck surgery training during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted medical training. Here we assess its effect on head and neck surgical education.

Methods: Surveys were sent to current accredited program directors and trainees to assess the impact of COVID-19 on the fellow's experience and employment search.

Ethical surgical triage of patients with head and neck cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Coronavirus has serially overtaken our metropolitan hospitals. At peak, patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome may outnumber mechanical ventilators. In our Miami Hospital System, COVID-19 cases have multiplied for 4 weeks and elective surgery has been suspended.

Otolaryngology Providers Must Be Alert for Patients with Mild and Asymptomatic COVID-19.

More than half of COVID-19 patients are afebrile early in the disease course, yet mildly ill or asymptomatic patients can still spread SARS-CoV-2 with high efficiency. Atypically presenting patients may be seen in noninfectious disease settings such as otolaryngology, which is a specialty prone to occupational exposure. Otolaryngologists have been infected with COVID-19 at higher rates than other specialties in China and other countries.

Modulation of BDNF-TRKB Interactions on Schwann Cell-induced Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Dispersion .

Background/aim: Perineural invasion (PNI) is a significant pathological feature in head and neck cancer. The molecular mechanisms of PNI are poorly understood. Contrary to the previous belief that cancer cells invade nerves, recent studies have shown that Schwann cells (SC) can dedifferentiate, intercalate between cancer cells, and promote cancer dispersion.

Inhibition of tropomyosine receptor kinase B on the migration of human Schwann cell and dispersion of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma in vitro.

Background: Schwann cells (SC) may play an important role in perineural invasion (PNI) by promoting cancer cell dispersion. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may contribute to these cellular events by activating tropomyosine receptor kinase B (TrkB). This study examines the effect of TrkB inhibition on SC migration and oral cancer cell dispersion in vitro.