Effectiveness of a paraverterbral nerve block versus local portal blocks for laparoscopic closure of the nephrosplenic space: A pilot study.

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of a paravertebral nerve block vs local portal blocks for laparoscopic closure of the nephrosplenic space in standing sedated research horses.

Study Design: Randomized clinical trial.

Animals: Twelve horses were randomly allocated to two groups (n = 6 per group), paravertebral block of nerves T , L , and L or local blocks of the three laparoscopic portals.

Normograde nasolacrimal placement of an ocular-lavage system for treatment of equine eye diseases.

The standard placement of a subpalpebral lavage system may not be feasible in some horses with eyelid disease. We describe placement of a commercially available, indwelling nasolacrimal lavage system that circumvents eyelid perforation. This novel approach provided for effective delivery of drugs to 1 horse with periocular and corneal disease.

Evaluation of experimental impact injury for inducing post-traumatic osteoarthritis in the metacarpophalangeal joints of horses.

Objective: To determine whether a single contusive impact injury to the palmar aspect of the metacarpus would progress to post-traumatic osteoarthritis or palmar osteochondral disease in horses.

Animals: 12 horses.

Procedures: In each horse, an impact injury was created on the palmar aspect of the medial metacarpal condyle of 1 randomly chosen limb with an impactor device under arthroscopic and fluoroscopic guidance.

Effects of unfocused extracorporeal shock wave therapy on healing of wounds of the distal portion of the forelimb in horses.

Objective: To determine effects of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) on healing of wounds in the distal portion of the forelimb in horses.

Animals: 6 horses.

Procedures: Five 6.

Nutritional stimulation of milk protein yield of cows is associated with changes in phosphorylation of mammary eukaryotic initiation factor 2 and ribosomal s6 kinase 1.

Production of protein by the lactating mammary gland is stimulated by intake of dietary energy and protein. Mass-action effects of essential amino acids (EAA) cannot explain all of the nutritional response. Protein synthesis in tissues of growing animals is regulated by nutrients through the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and integrated stress response (ISR) networks.

The effect of short-term hyperammonaemia on milk synthesis in dairy cows.

To test the hypothesis that ammonia detoxification in ruminants consumes amino acids to the detriment of milk protein production, we infused four lactating dairy cows with ammonium acetate or sodium acetate in switchback experiments. Plasma ammonia concentrations increased to 411 microm within 1 h of the start of infusion of ammonium acetate at 567 mmol/h. The rate constant for ammonia clearance from plasma was 0 x 054/min and the half-life was 12 x 9 min.

Kinetics of glucose transport and sequestration in lactating bovine mammary glands measured in vivo with a paired indicator/nutrient dilution technique.

To quantify kinetics of mammary glucose utilization in vivo, 24 paired glucose and extracellular indicator (p-aminohippuric acid) dilution curves across intact bovine mammary glands were obtained after bolus injections into the external iliac artery. Dilution curves were analyzed using a compartmental capillary, convolution integration model. Four candidate submodels of glucose transport and metabolism in capillary supply zones were fit to the glucose dilution curves and evaluated.

A compartmental capillary, convolution integration model to investigate nutrient transport and metabolism in vivo from paired indicator/nutrient dilution curves.

Thirty-three paired indicator/nutrient dilution curves across the mammary glands of four cows were obtained after rapid injection of para-aminohippuric acid (PAH) plus glucose into the external iliac artery. For the measurement of extracellular volume and kinetics of nutrient uptake from indicator dilution curves, several models of solute dispersion and disappearance have been proposed. The Crone-Renkin models of exchange in a single capillary assume negligible washout of solutes from the extracellular space and do not describe entire dilution curves.

Binding of radiolabeled porcine motilin and erythromycin lactobionate to smooth muscle membranes in various segments of the equine gastrointestinal tract.

Objective: To identify and characterize motilin receptors in equine duodenum, jejunum, cecum, and large colon and to determine whether erythromycin lactobionate competes with porcine motilin for binding to these receptors.

Sample Population: Specimens of various segments of the intestinal tracts of 4 adult horses euthanatized for reasons unrelated to gastrointestinal tract disease.

Procedure: Cellular membranes were prepared from smooth muscle tissues of the duodenum, jejunum, pelvic flexure, and cecum.