A new North American species of (Lepidoptera, Nepticulidae), feeding on and species (Ericaceae).

van Nieukerken, Epstein & Davis, is the second native American species of Beirne, 1945, and the second known species feeding on Ericaceae. The species is known from light-collected adults in the USA (California, Arizona) and Canada (Ontario). These were linked via DNA barcodes to larvae that make short leafmines on and species, then continue feeding in stems and branches, causing damage in nurseries and planted trees in Sonoma and Marin Counties, California.

Phylogeny of gracillariid leaf-mining moths: evolution of larval behaviour inferred from phylogenomic and Sanger data.

Gracillariidae is the most taxonomically diverse cosmopolitan leaf-mining moth family, consisting of nearly 2000 named species in 105 described genera, classified into eight extant subfamilies. The majority of gracillariid species are internal plant feeders as larvae, creating mines and galls in plant tissue. Despite their diversity and ecological adaptations, their phylogenetic relationships, especially among subfamilies, remain uncertain.

The dietary risk index system: a tool to track pesticide dietary risks.

Background: For years the United States Department of Agriculture's Pesticide Data Program and the United Kingdom's Food Standards Agency have published annual or quarterly data on pesticide residues in foods. Both programs report residues in conventionally grown, organic, and imported foods. The US program has tested about 288,000 food samples since 1992, primarily fruits and vegetables consumed by children.

Wrong side of the leaf: assigning some Lithocolletinae species (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) to their proper genera.

Cameraria Chapman and Phyllonorycter Hübner (Gracillariidae: Lithocolletinae) are two speciose genera of leaf-mining moths that were once treated as belonging to a single genus, Lithocolletis Hübner. Typically, species of Cameraria form flat mines on the upper leaf surface, whereas most Phyllonorycter species form underside tentiform mines. We reviewed North American literature records and found 15 exceptions to this generalization, with two Cameraria species reported to form underside mines and 13 Phyllonorycter species reported to form upper-surface mines.

Anarsioses, a new generic name for Phyllonorycter aberrans (Braun) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae).

Annette Braun (1930) described the leafmining moth Phyllonorycter aberrans in the genus Lithocolletis Hübner, 1825. The species was later transferred to Phyllonorycter by Davis (1983). Recent morphological studies on North American Gracillariidae by the author have shown that P.

An illustrated catalogue of the Neotropical Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera) with new data on primary types.

Gracillariidae leaf miners include 1987 species of poorly studied micromoths for which the majority of the diversity has been described from temperate regions. The Neotropics harbors one of the richest faunas of Gracillariidae, but the rate of taxon descriptions has been slow because of limited sampling and taxonomic activity. In this illustrated catalogue, we provide, for the first time, 476 high resolution illustrations for the 201 species of named gracillariids occurring in the region and revise their classification, newly considering the family-group names Oecophyllembiini stat.

Enhancing the fatty acid profile of milk through forage-based rations, with nutrition modeling of diet outcomes.

Consumer demand for milk and meat from grass-fed cattle is growing, driven mostly by perceived health benefits and concerns about animal welfare. In a U. S.

A new species of (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae: Lithocolletinae) from Arizona, USA.

A sixth species of Macrosaccus (Gracillariidae), M. coursetiae sp. nov.

A new species of (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae: Marmarinae), with an Annotated List of Known Hostplants for the Genus.

Larvae of the New World gracillariid moth genus Marmara are primarily stem/bark miners, with some species mining in leaves or fruits. We describe a new species, M. viburnella Eiseman & Davis, which feeds on Viburnum, initially mining the leaves but completing development as a stem miner.

Limitations of fluoridation effectiveness studies: Lessons from Alberta, Canada.

A paper published in this journal, "Measuring the short-term impact of fluoridation cessation on dental caries in Grade 2 children using tooth surface indices," by McLaren et al had shortcomings in study design and interpretation of results, and did not include important pertinent data. Its pre-post cross-sectional design relied on comparison of decay rates in two cities: Calgary, which ceased fluoridation, and Edmonton, which maintained fluoridation. Dental health surveys conducted in both cities about 6.

Revised classification and catalogue of global Nepticulidae and Opostegidae (Lepidoptera, Nepticuloidea).

A catalogue of all named Nepticulidae and Opostegidae is presented, including fossil species. The catalogue is simultaneously published online in the scratchpad http://nepticuloidea.info/ and in Catalogue of Life (http://www.

Phylogeny and Evolution of Lepidoptera.

Until recently, deep-level phylogeny in Lepidoptera, the largest single radiation of plant-feeding insects, was very poorly understood. Over the past two decades, building on a preceding era of morphological cladistic studies, molecular data have yielded robust initial estimates of relationships both within and among the ∼43 superfamilies, with unsolved problems now yielding to much larger data sets from high-throughput sequencing. Here we summarize progress on lepidopteran phylogeny since 1975, emphasizing the superfamily level, and discuss some resulting advances in our understanding of lepidopteran evolution.

The first record of Baccharis L. (Asteraceae) as a host-plant genus for Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera), with description of new Stigmella species from South America.

We record the first Nepticulidae species found to feed on Baccharis L. (Asteraceae). Despite the high species richness of Baccharis in the Western Hemisphere, no nepticulid has ever been recorded feeding on Baccharis.

Revision of the genus Philonome Chambers and its proposed reassignment to the family Tineidae (Lepidoptera, Tineoidea).

The New World genus Philonome Chambers, 1874 is revised. This genus comprises twelve species, seven of which are described as new: two species, Philonomenigrescens sp. n.

The fossil record and taphonomy of butterflies and moths (Insecta, Lepidoptera): implications for evolutionary diversity and divergence-time estimates.

Background: It is conventionally accepted that the lepidopteran fossil record is significantly incomplete when compared to the fossil records of other, very diverse, extant insect orders. Such an assumption, however, has been based on cumulative diversity data rather than using alternative statistical approaches from actual specimen counts.

Results: We reviewed documented specimens of the lepidopteran fossil record, currently consisting of 4,593 known specimens that are comprised of 4,262 body fossils and 331 trace fossils.

Ten new species from the Patagonian Andes (Argentina and Chile), mostly belonging to a newly designated Stigmella purpurimaculae group (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae).

Ten new Stigmella Schrank species are described: Stigmella purpurimaculae Remeikis & Stonis, sp. nov., S.

New and little known Coptotriche and Tischeria species (Lepidoptera: Tischeriidae) from Primorskiy Kray, Russian Far East.

The paper provides data on two new and two little known Coptotriche Walsingham and Tischeria Zeller species from Primorskiy Kray (=Primorskiy Territory), Russian Far East: Coptotriche minuta Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov., Tischeria unca Diškus & Stonis, sp.

Organic production enhances milk nutritional quality by shifting fatty acid composition: a United States-wide, 18-month study.

Over the last century, intakes of omega-6 (ω-6) fatty acids in Western diets have dramatically increased, while omega-3 (ω-3) intakes have fallen. Resulting ω-6/ω-3 intake ratios have risen to nutritionally undesirable levels, generally 10 to 15, compared to a possible optimal ratio near 2.3.

New fossil Lepidoptera (Insecta: Amphiesmenoptera) from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation of Northeastern China.

Background: The early history of the Lepidoptera is poorly known, a feature attributable to an inadequate preservational potential and an exceptionally low occurrence of moth fossils in relevant mid-Mesozoic deposits. In this study, we examine a particularly rich assemblage of morphologically basal moths that contribute significantly toward the understanding of early lepidopteran biodiversity.

Methodology/principal Findings: Our documentation of early fossil moths involved light- and scanning electron microscopic examination of specimens, supported by various illumination and specimen contrast techniques.

The genus Erechthias Meyrick of Ascension Island, including discovery of a new brachypterous species (Lepidoptera, Tineidae).

One previously named and two new species of the tineid genus Erechthias Meyrick are described and illustrated from the small, remote, mid-Atlantic Ascension Island. With these additions the Lepidoptera fauna of Ascension now totals 38 known species. Little is known regarding the biology of the two new species of Erechthias, and none of the species has been reared from larvae from Ascension.

A large-scale, higher-level, molecular phylogenetic study of the insect order Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies).

Background: Higher-level relationships within the Lepidoptera, and particularly within the species-rich subclade Ditrysia, are generally not well understood, although recent studies have yielded progress. We present the most comprehensive molecular analysis of lepidopteran phylogeny to date, focusing on relationships among superfamilies.

Methodology Principal Findings: 483 taxa spanning 115 of 124 families were sampled for 19 protein-coding nuclear genes, from which maximum likelihood tree estimates and bootstrap percentages were obtained using GARLI.

Redescription of Dicranoses capsulifex Kieffer and Jörgensen (Lepidoptera: Cecidosidae) with description of the immature stages and biology.

Dicranoses capsulifex Kieffer and Jörgensen (Lepidoptera: Cecidosidae) is a gall inducing moth associated with Schinus fasciculatus (Griseb.) (Anacardiaceae), with a known distribution restricted to Argentina. It undergoes a one year life cycle (univoltine), with leaf-like galls, and adult with only a half day life span.

Systematics, phylogeny and biology of a new genus of Lithocolletinae (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) associated with Cistaceae.

The gracillariid genus Triberta gen. nov. (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae: Lithocolletinae Stainton, 1854) is described to accommodate two species formerly assigned to the genus Phyllonorycter Hübner, 1822: Triberta helianthemella (Herrich-Schäffer, 1861) comb.