Effects of time of day and acute resistance exercise on platelet activation and function.

The present study was designed to ascertain the interaction between time of day and resistance exercise on platelet activation and function. Ten healthy male subjects (age, 29.3 +/- 4.

Effects of exercise intensity and duration on fat metabolism in trained and untrained older males.

Advancing age is associated with changes in fat and carbohydrate (CHO) metabolism, which is considered a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and diabetes. The effects of exercise intensity and duration on fat and CHO metabolism in elderly male subjects were investigated in the present study. Seven trained (63.

Effects of water intake on the responses of haemorheological variables to resistance exercise.

To examine the effects of drinking an amount of water equal to weight loss on the responses of blood rheological variables, eleven healthy male subjects performed three resistance exercise trials. The aim of the first session was to determine the amount of weight loss following a resistance exercise trial at 80% of one repletion maximum (1RM). In the second and third sessions subjects performed the same resistance exercise protocol without and with drinking an amount of water equal to that recorded for body weight loss.

Responses of platelet activation and function to a single bout of resistance exercise and recovery.

The present study was designed to investigate the effects of resistance exercise and recovery on platelet activation and function. Twenty one healthy male subjects (27.9 +/- 4.

Physiological and metabolic aspects of very prolonged exercise with particular reference to hill walking.

Hill walking is a popular recreational activity in the developed world, yet it has the potential to impose severe stress simultaneously upon several regulatory systems. Information regarding the physiological strain imposed by prolonged walking outdoors in adverse climatic conditions was reported almost four decades ago and recent research has extended some of this work. These data indicate that once the walker fatigues and starts to slow or stops walking altogether, the rate of heat production falls dramatically.

Reliability of maximal muscle force and voluntary activation as markers of exercise-induced muscle damage.

The loss of the ability of skeletal muscle to generate force is one of the most appropriate and valid means to quantify muscle damage. Routine measurements of maximal muscle force, however, include many potential sources of error, the most important of which may be a possible lack of central drive to the muscles. The aim of the present study was to determine the reliability of maximal isometric quadriceps muscle force and voluntary activation over a time scale that is typically employed to examine the aetiology of exercise-induced muscle damage.

The effects of changing pace on metabolism and stroke characteristics during high-speed breaststroke swimming.

Performances often vary between the heats and finals of breaststroke swimming competitions possibly because the swimmers try to conserve their energy, or for other tactical reasons. Additionally, coaches might advise either a 'positive' or 'even' pace race strategy during the final. The effect of such pacing changes on metabolism (blood lactate, heart rate, ventilation), ratings of perceived exertion, stroke kinematics and turning times have not been investigated.

Physiological, metabolic, and performance implications of a prolonged hill walk: influence of energy intake.

We aimed to examine the effects of different energy intakes on a range of responses that are relevant to the safety of hill walkers. In a balanced design, 16 men completed a strenuous self-paced mountainous hill walk over 21 km, under either a low-energy (2.6 MJ; 616 kcal) intake (LEI) or high-energy (12.

Accuracy of pacing during breaststroke swimming using a novel pacing device, the Aquapacer.

Generally, swimmers pace themselves using their own judgement and the poolside clock during swimming training, fitness testing protocols or scientific investigation. The Aquapacer is a new pacing device that can be used to pace the swimming speed or stroke rate of the swimmer. The aims of this study were to determine if breaststroke swimmers could pace accurately during submaximal swimming using a poolside clock (Study 1) and the Aquapacer (Study 2), at swimming speeds at, just above and just below maximal 200 m time-trial speeds (using the Aquapacer, Study 3) and under three different race pacing conditions (using the Aquapacer, Study 4).