Clinical and Demographic Factors Associated With Kaposi Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Shedding in Saliva or Cervical Secretions in a Cohort of Tanzanian Women.

Background: Reasons for the high prevalence of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) in sub-Saharan Africa, and risk factors leading to viral reactivation and shedding, remain largely undefined. Preliminary studies have suggested that schistosome infection, which has been associated with impaired viral control, is associated with KSHV. In this study we sought to determine the relationship between active or infection and KSHV shedding.

Prevalence of G6PD deficiency and submicroscopic malaria parasites carriage in malaria hotspot area in Northwest, Tanzania.

Background: The use of primaquine for mass drug administration (MDA) is being considered as a key strategy for malaria elimination. In addition to being the only drug active against the dormant and relapsing forms of Plasmodium vivax, primaquine is the sole potent drug against mature/infectious Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes. It may prevent onward transmission and help contain the spread of artemisinin resistance.

Urogenital pathogens in urine samples of clinically diagnosed urinary tract infected patients in Tanzania: A laboratory based cross-sectional study.

Background: Urogenital pathogens such as and have been reported to cause pyuria, however they are not routinely cultured from urine samples of patients clinically diagnosed to have urinary tract infections (UTI). In this study, pathogen specific PCR was done to identify the urogenital pathogens in the urine samples among clinically diagnosed UTI patients with negative routine urine culture.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 227 archived urine samples from clinically diagnosed UTI patients with positive leucocyte esterase but negative urine culture results.

Infection Is Associated With Increased Monocytes and Fewer Natural Killer T Cells in the Female Genital Tract.

infection may impair genital mucosal antiviral immunity, but immune cell populations have not been well characterized. We characterized mononuclear cells from cervical brushings of women with and without infection. We observed lower frequencies of natural killer T cells and higher frequencies of CD14 monocytes in infected women.

Performance evaluation of the highly sensitive histidine-rich protein 2 rapid test for plasmodium falciparum malaria in North-West Tanzania.

Background: Precise detection of Plasmodium infections in community surveys is essential for effective malaria control. Microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are the major techniques used to identify malaria infections in the field-based surveys. Although microscopy is still considered as the gold standard, RDTs are increasingly becoming versatile due to their rapid and adequate performance characteristics.

Altered Cervical Mucosal Gene Expression and Lower Interleukin 15 Levels in Women With Schistosoma haematobium Infection but Not in Women With Schistosoma mansoni Infection.

Background: Schistosomiasis increases the risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition in women by mechanisms that are incompletely defined. Our objective was to determine how the cervical environment is impacted by Schistosoma haematobium or Schistosoma mansoni infection by quantifying gene expression in the cervical mucosa and cytokine levels in cervicovaginal lavage fluid.

Methods: We recruited women with and those without S.

HIV-1 Viral Loads Are Not Elevated in Individuals Co-infected With spp. After Adjustment for Duration of HIV-1 Infection.

Studies of the role of co-infections on plasma HIV-1 RNA (HIV-1 viral load) have yielded incongruent results. The role of duration of HIV-1 infection on the link between and HIV-1 viral load has not been previously investigated. We aimed to assess the impact of HIV-1/ co-infections on viral load in Antiretroviral Treatment (ART)-naïve HIV-1 infected people taking into account the duration of HIV-1 infection.

Schistosomiasis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Men in Tanzania.

AbstractSchistosomiasis is a parasitic worm infection that affects over 260 million individuals worldwide. Women with schistosome infections have been demonstrated to have a 4-fold increase in the odds of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection compared with women without schistosome infections. A relationship between schistosome and HIV infections has not been clearly defined in men.