Erratum to: Skin pH varies among bat species seasons and between wild and captive bats.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coab088.].

Skin pH varies among bat species and seasons and between wild and captive bats.

Skin is a key aspect of the immune system in the defence against pathogens. Skin pH regulates the activity of enzymes produced both by hosts and by microbes on host skin, thus implicating pH in disease susceptibility. Skin pH varies inter- and intra-specifically and is influenced by a variety of intrinsic and extrinsic variables.

Hibernacula microclimate and declines in overwintering bats during an outbreak of white-nose syndrome near the northern range limit of infection in North America.

We document white-nose syndrome (WNS), a lethal disease of bats caused by the fungus (), and hibernacula microclimate in New Brunswick, Canada. Our study area represents a more northern region than is common for hibernacula microclimate investigations, providing insight as to how WNS may impact bats at higher latitudes. To determine the impact of the March 2011 arrival of in New Brunswick and the role of hibernacula microclimate on overwintering bat mortality, we surveyed bat numbers at hibernacula twice a year from 2009 to 2015.

The millipede Craspedosoma raulinsii Leach, 1814 (Chordeumatida: Craspedosomatidae) in North America with comments on the derivation of its binomial name.

The millipede Craspedosoma raulinsii (Craspedosomatidae) is widespread in Central Europe from Belarus and southern Scandinavia west to Britain and Ireland. Although the species is often not common and rarely encountered (Blower 1985, Hoffman 1999, Lee 2006), Kime (2004) reports C. raulinsii as the third most widespread millipede in Belgium.

Spatial variation of mercury bioaccumulation in bats of Canada linked to atmospheric mercury deposition.

Wildlife are exposed to neurotoxic mercury at locations distant from anthropogenic emission sources because of long-range atmospheric transport of this metal. In this study, mercury bioaccumulation in insectivorous bat species (Mammalia: Chiroptera) was investigated on a broad geographic scale in Canada. Fur was analyzed (n=1178) for total mercury from 43 locations spanning 20° latitude and 77° longitude.

Molecular Detection of Pseudogymnoascus destructans (Ascomycota: Pseudeurotiaceae) and Unidentified Fungal Dermatitides on Big Brown Bats ( Eptesicus fuscus ) Overwintering inside Buildings in Canada.

Big brown bats ( Eptesicus fuscus ) overwintering outside the underground environment are not believed to play a role in the epidemiology of the disease white-nose syndrome (WNS), caused by the fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans (Pd). Using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), we provide molecular evidence for Pd on four big brown bats overwintering in heated buildings in New Brunswick, Canada. Two of the affected individuals also had very mild, focal, pustular, fungal dermatitis identified microscopically.

Ectomycota Associated with Arthropods from Bat Hibernacula in Eastern Canada, with Particular Reference to Pseudogymnoasucs destructans.

The introduction of Pseudogymnoascus destructans (Pd) to North America, agent of white-nose syndrome in hibernating bats, has increased interest in fungi from underground habitats. While bats are assumed to be the main vector transmitting Pd cave-to-cave, the role of other fauna is unexplored. We documented the fungi associated with over-wintering arthropods in Pd-positive hibernacula, including sites where bats had been recently extirpated or near-extirpated, to determine if arthropods carried Pd, and to compare fungal assemblages on arthropods to bats.

Clonal expansion of the Pseudogymnoascus destructans genotype in North America is accompanied by significant variation in phenotypic expression.

Pseudogymnoascus destructans is the causative agent of an emerging infectious disease that threatens populations of several North American bat species. The fungal disease was first observed in 2006 and has since caused the death of nearly six million bats. The disease, commonly known as white-nose syndrome, is characterized by a cutaneous infection with P.

Treatment outcomes of depression: the pharmacogenomic research network antidepressant medication pharmacogenomic study.

Background: The effectiveness of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) is controversial.

Aims: The clinical outcomes of subjects with nonpsychotic MDD were reported and compared with the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D) study outcomes to provide guidance on the effectiveness of SSRIs.

Methods: Subjects were treated with citalopram/escitalopram for up to 8 weeks.

Assessment of management to mitigate anthropogenic effects on large whales.

United States and Canadian governments have responded to legal requirements to reduce human-induced whale mortality via vessel strikes and entanglement in fishing gear by implementing a suite of regulatory actions. We analyzed the spatial and temporal patterns of mortality of large whales in the Northwest Atlantic (23.5°N to 48.

Investigation of antidepressant medication usage after bariatric surgery.

Background: Many patients seeking bariatric surgery have a history of mood disorders and are actively prescribed antidepressants. While extensive documentation exists on the impact of weight loss surgery on reductions in cardiac, diabetic, and hypertensive medications, little is known about the impact of bariatric surgery on the use of antidepressant medications.

Methods: A retrospective study of 439 patients who had undergone Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) from January 2001 to November 2004 was examined for postoperative changes in the use of antidepressant medications.

Serotonin transporter gene promotor polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) associations with number of psychotropic medication trials in a tertiary care outpatient psychiatric consultation practice.

Objective: The authors tested the hypothesis that the short allele of 5-HTTLPR is associated with number of psychotropic medication trials as a measure of treatment-resistance or intolerance in psychosomatic medicine (PM) outpatients.

Methods: Review of Mayo Clinic PM outpatient 2008 records identified 44 (20.6%) who had 5-HTTLPR genotype tests.

Pharmacogenomic testing in a tertiary care outpatient psychosomatic medicine practice.

Background: Pharmacogenomic testing (PGT) has applicability in psychosomatic medicine (PM) practice where medical comorbidity and polypharmacy present particularly difficult challenges of drug-drug and drug-disease interactions. No guidelines currently exist for cost-effective use of PGT in PM practice.

Objective: The authors tested the hypothesis that naturalistically observed PGT ordering patterns and clinical data on test utility derived from a PM practice where PGT is readily available may inform the development of clinical guidelines for cost-effective use of PGT.

The use of slow-frequency prefrontal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in refractory neuropathic pain.

Objective: A number of antidepressant medications, as well as electroconvulsive therapy, have been shown to reduce chronic pain. Slow-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) applied to the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex has also been shown to have an antidepressant effect. Given the high degree of suffering experienced by subjects with chronic neuropathic pain and the treatment resistance noted in this population, the use of slow-frequency rTMS as adjuvant therapy may be of significant clinical benefit.

Effect of cytochrome P450 enzyme polymorphisms on pharmacokinetics of venlafaxine.

This study examines the relationship between blood concentrations of venlafaxine and its active metabolite, O-desmethyl venlafaxine (ODV), and genetic variants of the cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 in human subjects. Trough blood concentrations were measured at steady state in patients treated with venlafaxine extended release in a clinical practice setting. CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 genotypes were converted to activity scores based on known activity levels of the two alleles comprising a genotype.

Identification and treatment of eating disorders in the primary care setting.

Eating disorders, which are associated with a host of adverse medical morbidities, negative psychological sequelae, and considerable reductions in quality of life, should be diagnosed and treated promptly. However, primary care physicians may find it uniquely challenging to detect eating disorders in their early stages, before obvious physical problems arise and while psychological symptoms are subtle. Although psychological symptoms may dominate the presentation, the physician is an integral member of the treatment team and is in a unique role to diagnose and treat eating disorders.

Bariatric surgery: a primer for eating disorder professionals.

Obesity is a public health epidemic with medical, psychological and economic consequences. It continues to increase globally in prevalence and severity. Despite numerous behaviourally, medically or pharmacologically guided treatments, an effective non-surgical long-term treatment approach has not been identified.

Eating disorders in the elderly.

Background: Eating disorders in the elderly are often overlooked. When they occur, significant morbidity and mortality result. In this study we review all existing literature on eating disorders in the elderly and provide practical guidelines for clinicians in recognizing and managing eating disorders in the elderly.

Measurement of daily activity in restrictive type anorexia nervosa.

Objective: The assessment of daily activity in patients with restrictive type anorexia nervosa is limited by an absence of accurate and precise technology. We wanted to test a daily activity detecting device named, the physical activity monitoring system (PAMS).

Method: Women participants with restrictive type anorexia nervosa (n = 8, 36 +/- 11 years, 17 +/- 2 kg/m(2)) and healthy women participants (n = 8, 30 +/- 11 years, 27 +/- 7 kg/m(2)) were asked to lie, sit, and stand motionless, and walk at 0.

Cytochrome P450 2D6 genotype variation and venlafaxine dosage.

Objective: To determine whether the presence or absence of a fully functioning cytochrome P450 2D6 allele was associated with the dosage of the antidepressant drug venlafaxine in patients who had either adverse effects or absence of a therapeutic response to treatment with the immediate release or extended release form of venlafaxine.

Patients And Methods: We reviewed the electronic medical records of 199 patients enrolled in a previous pharmacogenomic study (June 1, 2002 through April 30, 2004) who had either adverse effects or the absence of a therapeutic response to treatment with psychotropic medications. This review identified 38 patients previously treated with venlafaxine immediate release or extended release and subsequently genotyped for the 2D6 gene with a commercial genotyping assay.

Sexual abuse survivors and psychiatric hospitalization after bariatric surgery.

Background: Some investigators have postulated that a history of being the victim of childhood sexual abuse may impact outcome of bariatric surgery.

Methods: In this retrospective chart review, we examined the electronic medical records of 152 adults with morbid obesity who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and who had a weight recorded in their medical record or reported in a follow-up surgery at 2 years after the RYGBP. The purpose of this retrospective chart review was to examine the relationship between psychosocial factors assessed preoperatively and the percent of excess weight lost (%EWL) at 2 years after bariatric surgery.

Assessment and preparation of patients for bariatric surgery.

The number of bariatric surgical procedures performed in the United States has increased steadily during the past decade. Currently accepted criteria for consideration of bariatric surgery include a body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters) of 40 kg/m2 or greater (or >35 kg/m2 with obesity-related comorbidities), documented or high probability of failure of nonsurgical weight loss treatments, and assurance that the patient is well informed, motivated, and compliant. Appropriate patient selection is important in achieving optimal outcomes after bariatric surgery.

Survey of regional health care providers on selection of treatment for bulimia nervosa.

Objective: To determine which treatments clinicians currently recommend for patients with bulimia nervosa (BN), to find out if they recommended evidence-based treatments, and to assess availability and clinician satisfaction with treatment options.

Methods: Surveys were sent to 1,263 health care providers in Minnesota, Iowa, and Wisconsin who were likely to encounter patients with BN. These health care providers comprised all primary care clinicians, physician assistants, advanced practice nurses, and all mental health/chemical dependency clinicians (MDs, Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS), social workers, doctoral and masters-level therapists, and chemical dependency (CD) counselors) affiliated with the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.

Anorexia nervosa: manifestations and management for the gastroenterologist.

Anorexia nervosa is a complex psychiatric disorder with significant morbidity and mortality. It is important for gastroenterologists to be aware of the physiological effects and potential complications of anorexia nervosa, as they are frequently involved in treating patients with this disorder. We review the classic, GI, and neuroendocrinological features of anorexia nervosa.