Publications by authors named "Donald Lyall"

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a risk factor for neurodegenerative disease. We currently have no means to identify patients most at risk of neurodegenerative disease following injury and, resultantly, no means to target risk mitigation interventions. To address this, we explored the association between history of traumatic brain injury with cognitive performance and imaging measures of white matter integrity.

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Background: The link between cardiometabolic disease and mental illness has been well established but remains incompletely explained. One hypothesis suggests that circadian rhythm dysregulation links cardiometabolic disease and mental illnesses. is a circadian rhythm regulatory gene.

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Importance: Elite-level contact sport participation is associated with increased dementia risk, which may be attributable to sport-related traumatic brain injury and repetitive head impact exposure. However, the contribution of wider, potentially modifiable dementia risk factors remains uncertain.

Objective: To explore the association of potentially modifiable dementia risk factors with dementia risk among former professional soccer players.

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Background And Objectives: Cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) is the most common pathology underlying vascular cognitive impairment. Although other clinical features of cSVD are increasingly recognized, it is likely that certain symptoms are being overlooked. A comprehensive description of cSVD associations with clinical phenotypes at scale is lacking.

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Article Synopsis
  • * Researchers analyzed data from nearly 53,000 UK Biobank participants to see if various psychological and physical health traits, such as neurological conditions and cognitive test scores, were linked to increased motion during imaging.
  • * Results indicated that poorer health traits often predicted higher motion levels, which in turn reduced the likelihood of obtaining complete imaging data, highlighting a potential bias in studies involving brain imaging in healthy populations.
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Background: Obesity and central obesity are multifactorial conditions with genetic and non-genetic (lifestyle and environmental) contributions. There is incomplete understanding of whether lifestyle modifies the translation from respective genetic risks into phenotypic obesity and central obesity, and to what extent genetic predisposition to obesity and central obesity is mediated via lifestyle factors.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of 201,466 (out of approximately 502,000) European participants from UK Biobank and tested for interactions and mediation role of lifestyle factors (diet quality; physical activity levels; total energy intake; sleep duration, and smoking and alcohol intake) between genetic risk for obesity and central obesity.

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Background: Head and neck cancer (HNC) incidence is on the rise, often diagnosed at late stage and associated with poor prognoses. Risk prediction tools have a potential role in prevention and early detection.

Methods: The IARC-ARCAGE European case-control study was used as the model development dataset.

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Background: Brain Health Index (BHI) assimilates various MRI sequences, giving a quantitative measure of brain health. To date, BHI validation has been cross-sectional and limited to selected populations. Further large-scale validation and assessment of temporal change is required to understand its clinical utility.

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Article Synopsis
  • - The study provides a comprehensive overview of the clinical manifestations of cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD), which is linked to strokes and cognitive impairment, by analyzing existing systematic reviews across different body systems.
  • - Researchers examined 6,156 publications and ultimately included 24 systematic reviews encompassing over 1.1 million participants, focusing primarily on cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms associated with cSVD.
  • - The findings highlighted a gap in literature regarding certain aspects of cSVD, such as specific assessments for lacunes and small subcortical infarcts, as well as limited reviews on peripheral nervous system and gastrointestinal symptoms.
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Persistent infections, whether viral, bacterial or parasitic, including infection, have been implicated in non-communicable diseases, including dementia and other neurodegenerative diseases. In this cross-sectional study, data on 635 cognitively normal participants from the UK Biobank study (2006-21, age range: 40-70 years) were used to examine whether seropositivity (e.g.

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Background and objectives The exact etiology of migraine is unknown; however, it is likely a mixture of genetic and non-genetic factors including lifestyle variables like smoking and diet. This study aims to assess the causal effect of modifiable risk factors on the risk of migraine using two-sample Mendelian randomization. Materials and methods The study used publicly available genome-wide significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).

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Study Objectives: To assess for associations between sleeping more than or less than recommended by the National Sleep Foundation (NSF), and self-reported insomnia, with brain structure.

Methods: Data from the UK Biobank cohort were analyzed (N between 9K and 32K, dependent on availability, aged 44 to 82 years). Sleep measures included self-reported adherence to NSF guidelines on sleep duration (sleeping between 7 and 9 hours per night), and self-reported difficulty falling or staying asleep (insomnia).

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Happiness is a fundamental human affective trait, but its biological basis is not well understood. Using a novel approach, we construct LDpred-inf polygenic scores of a general happiness measure in 2 cohorts: the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) cohort (N = 15,924, age range 9.23-11.

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Background: Pathways explaining racial/ethnic disparities in dementia risk are under-evaluated.

Methods: We examine those disparities and their related pathways among UK Biobank study respondents (50-74 y, = 323,483; 3.6% non-White minorities) using a series of Cox proportional hazards and generalized structural equations models (GSEM).

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Introduction: The use of applied modeling in dementia risk prediction, diagnosis, and prognostics will have substantial public health benefits, particularly as "deep phenotyping" cohorts with multi-omics health data become available.

Methods: This narrative review synthesizes understanding of applied models and digital health technologies, in terms of dementia risk prediction, diagnostic discrimination, prognosis, and progression. Machine learning approaches show evidence of improved predictive power compared to standard clinical risk scores in predicting dementia, and the potential to decompose large numbers of variables into relatively few critical predictors.

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Background: It is estimated that by 2050 the global incidence of dementia will have exceeded 152 million. At present, there are no effective therapies for dementia, with a focus in research now turning to strategies for disease prevention. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is recognised as a major risk factor for dementia; estimated to be responsible for at least 3% of cases in the community.

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Article Synopsis
  • Individuals with severe mental illness are at a higher risk for cardiometabolic diseases, and recent studies suggest that genetic factors may link these two conditions rather than just lifestyle and medication effects.
  • Researchers analyzed genetic variations in the DCC locus using data from over 402,000 participants in the UK Biobank to find associations with psychiatric and metabolic traits.
  • The study found distinct genetic influences for traits like smoking and body mass index, indicating that these traits do not share underlying mechanisms, particularly within the context of mental illness and cardiometabolic health.
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Aim: To investigate whether continuous HbA1c levels and HbA1c-polygenic risk scores (HbA1c-PRS) are significantly associated with worse brain health independent of type 2 diabetes (T2D) diagnosis (vs. not), by examining brain structure and cognitive test score phenotypes.

Methods: Using UK Biobank data (n = 39 283), we tested whether HbA1c levels and/or HbA1c-PRS were associated with cognitive test scores and brain imaging phenotypes.

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This study aimed to investigate the association between the Life's Essential 8 (LE8) score and incident all-cause dementia (including Alzheimer's disease [AD] and vascular dementia) in UK Biobank. A total of 259,718 participants were included in this prospective study. Smoking, non-HDL cholesterol, blood pressure, body mass index, HbA1c, physical activity, diet, and sleep were used to create the Life's Essential 8 (LE8) score.

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Major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD), and schizophrenia (SCZ) are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, including venous thromboembolism (VTE). The reasons for this are complex and include obesity, smoking, and use of hormones and psychotropic medications. Genetic studies have increasingly provided evidence of the shared genetic risk of psychiatric and cardiometabolic illnesses.

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Background: Sleep and circadian disruption are associated with depression onset and severity, but it is unclear which features (e.g., sleep duration, chronotype) are important and whether they can identify individuals showing poorer outcomes.

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Background: Since the outbreak of COVID-19, data on its psychosocial predictors are limited. We therefore aimed to explore psychosocial predictors of COVID-19 infection at the UK Biobank (UKB).

Methods: This was a prospective cohort study conducted among UKB participants.

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Importance: Cognitive impairment in depression is poorly understood. Family history of depression is a potentially useful risk marker for cognitive impairment, facilitating early identification and targeted intervention in those at highest risk, even if they do not themselves have depression. Several research cohorts have emerged recently that enable findings to be compared according to varying depths of family history phenotyping, in some cases also with genetic data, across the life span.

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Importance: Epilepsy has been associated with cognitive impairment and potentially dementia in older individuals. However, the extent to which epilepsy may increase dementia risk, how this compares with other neurological conditions, and how modifiable cardiovascular risk factors may affect this risk remain unclear.

Objective: To compare the differential risks of subsequent dementia for focal epilepsy compared with stroke and migraine as well as healthy controls, stratified by cardiovascular risk.

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