Applicability of the Schwartz Equation and the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children Bedside Equation for Estimating Glomerular Filtration Rate in Overweight Children.

Study Objective: To determine if significant correlations exist between glomerular filtration rate (GFR) prediction equation values, derived by using the original Schwartz equation and the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) bedside equation with a 24-hour urine creatinine clearance (Clcr ) value normalized to a body surface area of 1.73 m(2) in overweight and obese children.

Design: Prospective analysis (20 patients) and retrospective analysis (43 patients).

An evaluation of three statistical estimation methods for assessing health policy effects on prescription drug claims.

Background: While the choice of analytical approach affects study results and their interpretation, there is no consensus to guide the choice of statistical approaches to evaluate public health policy change.

Objectives: This study compared and contrasted three statistical estimation procedures in the assessment of a U.S.

Ethacrynic Acid continuous infusions in critically ill pediatric patients.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to describe dosage regimens and treatment outcomes in critically ill children receiving ethacrynic acid continuous infusions (CI).

Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study evaluated patients less than 18 years of age who received ethacrynic acid CI with a duration exceeding 12 hours, from January 1, 2007, through January 31, 2012. The primary objective was to determine the mean/median doses of ethacrynic acid CI.

Incidence of transmitted antiretroviral drug resistance in treatment-naive HIV-1-infected persons in a large South Central United States clinic.

Background: Transmitted drug resistance (TDR) can limit effective treatment options to antiretroviral-naive HIV-infected persons and increase the risk of treatment failure. Limited estimates of TDR have been reported from the South Central United States.

Objective: To describe the incidence of TDR in Oklahoma and to examine whether TDR rates have increased with time.

Collaborative practice model between cardiologists and clinical pharmacists for management of patients with cardiovascular disease in an outpatient clinic.

The increasing prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has prompted leading cardiovascular organizations to advocate utilization of a team approach to patient care that includes nonphysician providers. In spite of that, the American College of Cardiology reported that nonphysician providers are underutilized in the management of patients with CVD. A survey of cardiologists revealed that the underutilization is a result of lack of understanding of how best to involve nonphysician providers in the health care team.

Evaluation of dabigatran exposures reported to poison control centers.

Background: Dabigatran is a novel oral anticoagulant for which a well-defined range of toxicity and proven antidote has not been established.

Objective: The primary objective of this study was to characterize dabigatran exposures reported to poison centers by dose ingested, clinical effects, treatments used, and managment sites to gain a better understanding of patient outcomes.

Methods: A retrospective database review was conducted for dabigatran exposures reported to the National Poison Data System for the American Association of Poison Control Centers (AAPCC) over the period October 2010 to December 2012.

Acetazolamide in critically ill neonates and children with metabolic alkalosis.

Background: Acetazolamide is an option for hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis, but there are limited reports in children.

Objective: To describe the acetazolamide regimen and outcomes in critically ill children with metabolic alkalosis.

Methods: This was a descriptive, retrospective study of patients <18 years of age who received ≥3 doses of acetazolamide for metabolic alkalosis (ie, pH > 7.

Participant perspectives from the Indian Health Service Anticoagulation Training Program.

Background: The Indian Health Service Anticoagulation Training Program serves to improve patient safety through advanced anticoagulation management training. Although post-program evaluations of program content were conducted at the time of program delivery, little is known about translation of these learned skills into clinical practice.

Objective: This research sought to describe levels of self-reported participant confidence in anticoagulation management; development, implementation, and performance management of both core and supplemental activities of anticoagulation clinics or services; and current anticoagulation clinical practices subsequent to participating in the Anticoagulation Training Program.

Implementation of a bowel regimen protocol in critically ill children: A pilot study.

No studies have evaluated the outcomes of a bowel regimen (BR) in critically ill children receiving enteral nutrition. In fall 2010, a comprehensive feeding protocol and BR protocol were initiated in our institution. Six age-based BR protocols were developed, each of which included a four-step approach.

Mental health treatment associated with community-based depression screening: considerations for planning multidisciplinary collaborative care.

Background: Depression places a large economic burden on the US health care system. Routine screening has been recognized as a fundamental step in the effective treatment of depression, but should be undertaken only when support systems are available to ensure proper diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up.

Objective: To estimate differences in prescribing new antidepressants and referral to stress management, psychotherapy, and other mental health (OMH) counseling at physician visits when documented depression screening was and was not performed.

Evaluation of 99mTc-succimer dosing in pediatric patients.

Unlabelled: Balancing image quality with radiation dose is a goal with every diagnostic procedure requiring radiation. Our institution compared the dosing of (99m)Tc-labeled succimer, commonly referred to as dimercaptosuccinic acid ((99m)Tc-DMSA), to pediatric patients using 2 methods of calculation, body surface area (BSA, the method we used from 2009 to 2010) and body weight (BW, the method we used in 2011).

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in a 230-bed inpatient, tertiary-care academic pediatric hospital to obtain objective data on patients under the age of 17 y who received a renal nuclear medicine procedure with (99m)Tc-DMSA using a 300,000-count parallel image and four 150,000-count pinhole images.

Evaluation of a diabetes management program using selected HEDIS measures.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of a community-based, pharmacist-directed diabetes management program among managed care organization enrollees using National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA)-Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS) performance measures.

Design: Randomized controlled trial.

Setting: Regional community pharmacy chain in Tulsa, OK, from November 2005 to July 2007.

Cardiovascular disease and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug prescribing in the midst of evolving guidelines.

Rationale, Aims And Objectives: Responding to safety concerns, the American Heart Association (AHA) published guidelines for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use in patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease (CVD) during 2005 and revised them in 2007. In the revision, a stepped approach to pain management recommended non-selective NSAIDs over highly selective NSAIDs. This research evaluated NSAID prescribing during and after guideline dissemination.

Integration of an introductory pharmacy practice experience with an advanced pharmacy practice experience in adult internal medicine.

Objective: To describe the development, implementation, and assessment of an internal medicine introductory pharmacy practice experience (IPPE) that was integrated with an existing advanced pharmacy practice experience (APPE) in internal medicine.

Design: A structured IPPE was designed for first-, second-, and third-year pharmacy (P1, P2, and P3) students. Activities for the IPPE were based on the established APPE and the individual learner's educational level.

A pilot study assessing the frequency and complexity of methadone tapers for opioid abstinence syndrome in children discharged to home.

Background: Methadone is often prescribed as a taper schedule to prevent/treat opioid abstinence syndrome (OAS) or neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS).

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the percentage of children discharged home on methadone tapers and to develop, assess, and implement an instrument for measuring the complexity of the methadone regimens.

Methods: This study used a descriptive retrospective design to examine patients younger than 18 years from January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2008, administered methadone for prevention/treatment of OAS/NAS and discharged home on a methadone taper.

Variations in the probability of depression screening at community-based physician practice visits.

Background: Despite depression screening being a US Preventive Services Task Force-recommended practice in primary care, little is known about the degree to which it is performed and the factors associated with its conduct.

Method: Using a nationally representative sample (National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey) of adult, community-based physician practice visits during the survey years 2005 to 2007 (total = 55,143; representing approximately 1.7 billion visits nationally), we estimated the probability of depression screening and variation by visit characteristics.

Communicating non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug risks: verbal counseling, written medicine information, and patients' risk awareness.

Objective: To assess potential associations among physician counseling, pharmacist counseling, written medicine information (WMI) and patient awareness of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) risks.

Methods: Three-hundred and eighty-two older, white and African American patients prescribed NSAIDs were surveyed regarding their NSAID risk awareness defined as an index score ranging from zero to four correctly identified risks (i.e.

Relationship of depression screening and physician office visit duration in a national sample.

Objective: Although depression screening in primary care is recommended by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, it may increase the duration of primary care physician visits that are often at or exceeding capacity.

Medication reconciliation in a community pharmacy setting.

Objectives: To describe the types and frequencies of medication discrepancies identified through medication reconciliation in a community pharmacy setting, to identify potential correlations between a patient's electronic medical record (EMR) and pharmacy medication list, and to determine the relationship between patients who use prescribers and/or pharmacies outside of the Family Medicine Center (FMC) and the occurrence of medication discrepancies.

Methods: Cross-sectional comparison of patients' EMR medication lists and pharmacy medication fill history for a sample of patients presenting to the Family Medicine Pharmacy (FMP), which is located in the FMC on the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center campus in Oklahoma City. Discrepancies identified were classified according to one of six categories that included therapeutic duplication, medication exclusion, medications that should be designated inactive in the EMR medication list, and differences in medication strength, dosage form, or dosing regimen.

Evaluation of adverse events noted in children receiving continuous infusions of dexmedetomidine in the intensive care unit.

Objectives: Dexmedetomidine is an α(2)-adrenergic receptor agonist with sedative and analgesic effects in mechanically ventilated adults and children. Safety and efficacy data are limited in children. The purpose of this study is to retrospectively identify the incidence and types of adverse events noted in children receiving continuous infusions of dexmedetomidine and evaluate potential risk factors for adverse events.

Evaluation of inpatient admissions and potential antimicrobial and analgesic dosing errors in overweight children.

Background: The prevalence of overweight/obesity in US children has increased over the past several decades. Routine use of weight-based dosing of medications could potentially result in over- or underdosing in these children.

Objective: To determine the percentage of admissions of children with a body mass index (BMI) greater than or equal to the 85th percentile for age and sex and the mean error rate per admission in the overweight versus control group.

Economic effect of an expansion of pharmacy benefits on total health care expenditures by a state Medicaid program.

Objectives: To evaluate the economic effect of a pharmacy benefit expansion on a population of Oklahoma Medicaid recipients and to determine whether recipients who routinely maximized their monthly prescription limit (cap) before the benefit expansion benefited more from the expansion than the remainder of the study population.

Design: Retrospective study.

Setting: Oklahoma Medicaid claims data from January 1, 2003, to December 31, 2004.