Undiagnosed heart disease leading to sudden unexpected death in childhood: a retrospective study.

Objectives: Heart disease accounts for a significant proportion of sudden unexpected deaths among children. We describe here demographic features, pathological conditions, and the frequency of premonitory symptoms in a retrospective series of cases of sudden unexpected cardiac death (SUCD) attributable to undiagnosed structural heart disease.

Methods: A chart review of autopsies involving children 0 to 17 years of age that were performed at the Hospital for Sick Children (Toronto, Ontario, Canada) between 1984 and 2003 was conducted.

Primary pulmonary vein stenosis: the impact of sutureless repair on survival.

Background: Primary pulmonary vein stenosis is often associated with relentless restenosis and early death. During the last 2 decades, we have developed a sutureless repair to improve prognosis.

Methods: Hospital records for patients undergoing repair of primary pulmonary vein stenosis from 1989 to 2008 were reviewed.

Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells and neuroepithelial bodies in sudden infant death syndrome: potential markers of airway chemoreceptor dysfunction.

Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNEC), including neuroepithelial bodies (NEB), are amine- and peptide (for example, bombesin)-producing cells that function as hypoxia/hypercapnia-sensitive chemoreceptors that could be involved in the pathophysiology of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). We assessed morphometrically the frequency and size of PNEC/NEB in lungs of infants who died of SIDS (n = 21) and compared them to an equal number PNEC/NEB in lungs of age-matched control infants who died of accidental death or homicide, with all cases obtained from the San Diego SIDS/SUDC Research Project database. As a marker for PNEC/NEB we used an antibody against chromogranin A (CGA), and computer-assisted morphometric analysis was employed to determine the relative frequency of PNEC per airway epithelial area (% immunostained area, %IMS), the size of NEB, the number of nuclei/NEB, and the size of the NEB cells.

Sudden unexpected death in infancy and childhood due to undiagnosed neoplasia: an autopsy study.

Sudden unexpected death due to clinically undiagnosed neoplasia in infancy and childhood (SUDNIC) is a rare phenomenon, with only small numbers of cases reported in the literature. In the majority of instances, the tumors involve critical structures within the heart or central nervous system and include gliomas, medulloblastomas, rhabdomyomas, and neoplasms of stromal elements. A 20-year retrospective review of autopsy records from the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, was performed (1984-2003, n = 4926), and 7 cases of SUDNIC were identified (0.