Young carers, mental health and psychosocial wellbeing: A realist synthesis.

Growing evidence demonstrates that the mental and psychosocial health impacts of caring vary significantly for individual children, depending on who they are, the person that they care for, their responsibilities and the wider family situation. Although individual studies have made progress in identifying the range of impacts, there is a lack of clarity around which impacts affect who and in what circumstances. This synthesis, based on RAMESES realist protocols, aims to increase clarity concerning how and why the mental and psychosocial health impacts of caring for a family member vary for different children.

A scoping review of system-level mechanisms to prevent children being in out-of-home care.

Identifying which approaches can effectively reduce the need for out-of-home care for children is critically important. Despite the proliferation of different interventions and approaches globally, evidence summaries on this topic are limited. This study is a scoping review using a realist framework to explore what research evidence exists about reducing the number of children and young people in care.

Intensive Family Preservation Services to prevent out-of-home placement of children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Intensive Family Preservation Services (IFPS) are in-home crisis intervention services designed to help families with children at imminent risk of out-of-home placement.

Objectives: To assess the evidence of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of IFPS in reducing the need for children to enter out-of-home care.

Participants And Setting: Children <18 years and their families in the home setting.

Mapping the evidence about what works to safely reduce the entry of children and young people into statutory care: a systematic scoping review protocol.

Introduction: The increasing number of children and young people entering statutory care in the UK is a significant social, health and educational priority. Development of effective approaches to safely reduce this number remains a complex but critical issue. Despite a proliferation in interventions, evidence summaries are limited.

Nematodes collected by gastric lavage from live American alligators, Alligator mississippiensis, in Florida.

Stomach nematodes were collected from 151 live American alligators, Alligator mississippiensis, from 3 lakes (Apopka, Griffin, and Woodruff) in north-central Florida using a gastric lavage technique. Four species were identified: Dujardinascaris waltoni, Ortleppascaris antipini, Brevimulticaecum tenuicolle, and larvae of Contracaecum sp. Of these, D.

Gastrointestinal helminths of free-ranging Florida panthers (Puma concolor coryi) and the efficacy of the current anthelmintic treatment protocol.

Thirty-five Florida panthers (Puma concolor coryi [Bangs, 1899]) collected from six counties in southern Florida between 1978 and 2003 were examined at necropsy for gastrointestinal helminths. The panthers were placed into two groups: 1) treated with anthelmintics (n = 17), and 2) untreated (n = 18). Nine species of helminths (one trematode, six nematodes, and two cestodes) were identified in the untreated panthers.

Parasitic helminths of Eurasian collared-doves (Streptopelia decaocto) from Florida.

Sixty-three Eurasian collared-doves (ECDs) (Streptopelia decaocto) from Florida were examined for parasitic helminths from June to December 2001. Nine species of helminths were identified (5 nematodes, 2 cestodes, and 2 trematodes). The most prevalent helminths were Ascaridia columbae (73.

Survey of raccoons on Key Largo, Florida, USA, for Baylisascaris procyonis.

Numbers of the endangered Key Largo woodrat (KLWR; Neotoma floridana smalli) have been declining for at least 25 yr. The raccoon (Procyon lotor) roundworm, Baylisascaris procyonis, has been found to have an adverse effect on the survival of Alleghany woodrats (N. magister).

Interactive effects of turkeypox virus and Plasmodium hermani on Turkey poults.

Two experiments were conducted to examine the interactive effects of two disease agents of wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo), turkeypox virus and the malarial organism, Plasmodium hermani, on the health of turkey poults. Groups of domestic broad-breasted white turkey poults of 1 and 10 wk of age were infected with either turkeypox virus, P. hermani, both turkeypox virus and P.

Haemoproteus balearicae and other blood parasites of free-ranging Florida sandhill crane chicks.

We obtained blood smears from 114 Florida sandhill crane (Grus canadensis pratensis) chicks in Osceola and Lake Counties, Florida, USA, during 1998-2000. Leucocytozoon grusi was observed in 11 (10%) chicks; Haemoproteus antigonis was observed in eight (7%) chicks; and three (3%) chicks were infected with Haemoproteus balearicae. One chick infected with H.

Epizootiology of Plasmodium hermani in Florida: chronicity of experimental infections in domestic turkeys and northern bobwhites.

A pen-reared northern bobwhite and a domestic turkey were infected with a strain of Plasmodium hermani obtained originally from a wild turkey in southern Florida. Blood films from these 2 birds were positive microscopically for 188 and 370 days postinfection (PI), respectively. Culicine mosquitoes (Culex nigripalpus and C.

Parasitic helminths of black bear cubs (Ursus americanus) from Florida.

Twenty-two Florida black bear (Ursus americanus floridanus) cubs (< or = 12 mo old) from Florida were examined for endoparasites between 1998 and 2003. Eleven species of helminths were found (8 nematodes, 2 trematodes, and 1 acanthocephalan). The most prevalent helminths were Ancylostoma caninum (64%), Macracanthorhynchus ingens (36%), Strongyloides sp.

Hookworms of feral cats in Florida.

Thirty feral cats (Felis catus) from Alachua county (northern Florida) and 30 from Palm Beach county (southern Florida) were examined for hookworms. Two species, Ancylostoma tubaeforme and Ancylostoma braziliense, were identified. Forty-five cats (75%) were infected with A.

Epizootiology of Eustrongylides ignotus in Florida: transmission and development of larvae in intermediate hosts.

Under laboratory conditions, 2 modes of transmission of Eustrongylides ignotus (Nematoda: Dioctophymatoidea) to fish were identified. Eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) became infected after ingestion of either eggs of E. ignotus containing first-stage larvae or aquatic oligochaetes (Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri) containing third-stage larvae of E.

Parasitic helminths of red-bellied woodpeckers (Melanerpes carolinus) from the Apalachicola National Forest in Florida.

Seventy-four red-bellied woodpeckers (Melanerpes carolinus) from the Apalachicola National Forest (30 degrees 10'N, 84 degrees 40'W) in northwest Florida were examined for helminths. The most prevalent parasites were the nematode Aproctella stoddardi (11%) and the acanthocephalan Mediorhynchus centurorum (11%). New host records include Pseudaprocta samueli, A.

Burrowing fly larvae (Philornis porteri) associated with mortality of eastern bluebirds in Florida.

We investigated mortality among nestling eastern bluebirds (Sialia sialis) in Polk and Highlands counties, Florida (USA) in 1999-2001. At least six species of maggots from three families of muscoid flies, Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae, and Muscidae were found associated with the nestlings. Philornis porteri, the only species of obligate bird parasite collected, was found in the contents of two nests, in the ear canal and the musculature of the jaw of one nestling, and in the abdominal subcutis of another.

Sarcoptic mange in free-ranging pampas foxes in the Gran Chaco, Bolivia.

Sarcoptes scabiei infestation was diagnosed in two freshly dead free-ranging pampas foxes (Pseudalopex gymnocercus) in the Gran Chaco, Bolivia. Diagnosis was made based on histologic evaluation of skin biopsies and identification of the parasite from skin scrapings. Characteristic gross lesions consistent with mange were noted in 19 of 94 observations of free-ranging pampas foxes in the region from December 1998 to January 2000.

Epizootiology of Eustrongylides ignotus in Florida: distribution, density, and natural infections in intermediate hosts.

A total of 63,451 fish, representing 39 species, was collected from 176 foraging sites used by ciconiiform wading birds in peninsular Florida (USA) and examined for larvae of Eustrongylides ignotus. Infected fish were identified from 30 (17%) of the sites, all of which had been altered by human disturbance such as removal of sediment to construct ditches and dikes, improve water flow, or increase storage capacity and had a history of receiving anthropogenic nutrients such as sewage effluent, urban runoff, or agricultural runoff. The mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) and several species of sunfish (Centrarchidae) were the most important intermediate hosts.

An epizootic of fibromatosis in gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) in Florida.

Beginning in the fall of 1998 and extending into the spring and early summer of 1999 there was a large epizootic of squirrel fibromatosis in squirrels in seven counties in peninsular Florida. Hundreds of gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) with multiple cutaneous tumors were submitted or reported to biologists, veterinary hospitals, and private wildlife rehabilitators. Most squirrels died or were euthanized soon after submission.