The effect of alpha binaural beat music on orthodontic pain after initial archwire placement: A randomized controlled trial.

Objective: The objective of this article was to evaluate the effect of alpha binaural beat music on pain level after initial placement of a maxillary fixed appliance, compared to music without binaural beats (placebo) and no music (control).

Methods: 60 patients undergoing maxillary fixed orthodontic appliance and initial archwire placement were randomly allocated into the three aforementioned groups. The pain level experienced was monitored for the following seven days, using the short-form McGill pain questionnaire (SF-MPQ).

Isolation and characterization of a novel choline degrading strain from the human gut.

Gut microbiota metabolism can have profound effects on human health. Choline, a quaternary amine (QA) highly abundant in our diet, is canonically cleaved by a glycyl radical enzyme, choline trimethylamine lyase (CutC), and its SAM-dependent radical activator, CutD. CutC cleaves choline to form trimethylamine (TMA) and acetaldehyde.

Maxillary Expansion: A Comparison of Damon Self-Ligating Bracket Therapy with MARPE and PAOO.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate arch parameters and dentoalveolar changes from pretreatment to posttreatment by comparing the Miniscrew Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion (MARPE), Periodontally Accelerated Osteogenic Orthodontics (PAOO), and Damon self-ligating bracket therapies.

Materials And Methods: Seventy-nine patients underwent maxillary expansion followed by or in conjunction with Damon ( = 23), PAOO ( = 28), and MARPE ( = 28) therapies. Nine maxillary dental arch parameters were compared at pretreatment, posttreatment as well as, increments of treatment change.

Outcomes of clear aligner treatment with and without Dental Monitoring: A retrospective cohort study.

Introduction: The effects of Invisalign clear aligner treatment with and without Dental Monitoring (DM) were compared for treatment duration, number of appointments, refinements and refinement aligners, and accuracy of Invisalign in achieving predicted tooth positions (aligner tracking). The null hypothesis was that there are no differences between Invisalign with and without DM in these parameters.

Methods: A sample of 90 consecutively treated Invisalign patients (45 control, 45 DM) fitted the inclusion and exclusion criteria.

The effect of vestibular, lingual, and aligner appliances on the quality of life of adult patients during the initial stages of orthodontic treatment.

Background: Patient quality of life (QoL) during orthodontic treatment is an important consideration that requires greater academic investigation as greater focus is placed on enhancing patient experience. Quality of life (QoL) was assessed in three orthodontic appliance groups, i.e.

Effect of clear aligner wear protocol on the efficacy of tooth movement.

Objectives: To compare the efficacy of orthodontic tooth movement with three aligner wear protocols: 7 day, 10 day, and 14 day.

Materials And Methods: Eighty patients were randomly allocated into three groups: group A (7-day changes), group B (10-day changes), and group C (14-day changes). The posttreatment scans were compared with the final virtual treatment simulations through digital superimposition.

Has Invisalign improved? A prospective follow-up study on the efficacy of tooth movement with Invisalign.

Introduction: The purpose of this research was to provide an update on the accuracy of tooth movement with Invisalign (Align Technology, Santa Clara, Calif).

Methods: This prospective clinical study included 38 patients treated with Invisalign Full or Invisalign Teen. All teeth, from the central incisor to the second molar, were measured on digital models created from intraoral scans.

Examination of the Glycine Betaine-Dependent Methylotrophic Methanogenesis Pathway: Insights Into Anaerobic Quaternary Amine Methylotrophy.

Recent studies indicate that environmentally abundant quaternary amines (QAs) are a primary source for methanogenesis, yet the catabolic enzymes are unknown. We hypothesized that the methanogenic archaeon B1d metabolizes glycine betaine (GB) through a corrinoid-dependent GB:coenzyme M (CoM) methyl transfer pathway. The draft genome sequence of B1d revealed a gene encoding a predicted non-pyrrolysine MttB homolog (MV8460) with high sequence similarity to the GB methyltransferase encoded by Y51.

Severe Mandibular Crowding Treated with Nonextraction Periodontally Accelerated Osteogenic Orthodontics.

This case report describes a patient with severe (11-mm) mandibular anterior crowding who received periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics (PAOO) nonextraction treatment, showing 5-year follow-up. A 15-year-old female presented with severe dental crowding, Angle Class I skeletal and molar relationships and a Class II canine relationship, and excessive overjet and overbite. Following fixed-appliance placement (0.

Forced-eruption time for palatally impacted canines treated with and without ostectomy-decortication technique.

Objectives: To compare forced-eruption times for palatally impacted canines treated with and without the ostectomy-decortication technique and to assess the influence of palatally impacted canine pretreatment position and angle on forced-eruption time.

Materials And Methods: The sample was composed of 118 patient-subjects with 151 palatally impacted canines treated with the ostectomy-decortication technique (n = 72) and without (n = 79). The orthopantomogram radiographs (OPGs) were analyzed for palatally impacted canine angle and horizontal and vertical position.

Role of taste perception in white spot lesion formation during orthodontic treatment.

Objectives: To investigate the role of individual's taste sensitivity using 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) in the development of white spot lesions (WSLs) in adolescent orthodontic patients.

Materials And Methods: 44 healthy adolescents, aged 12 to 16 years old, who were in fixed-appliance orthodontic treatment for at least 6 months, consented to participate in this cross-sectional study. Data regarding participants' demographic information, oral hygiene practices, and dietary habits were obtained by a questionnaire.

Psychotropic Medication Patterns for American Indian Children in Foster Care.

Objective: This study assesses the effects of race, age, sex, and time spent in foster care on rates of psychotropic medication use for children in foster care in 2012.

Methods: Using existing electronic records through county Social Service and Minnesota Medical Assistance databases, 626 children were identified using the inclusion criteria of having been in foster care for at least 30 days during 2012 in St. Louis County, Minnesota.

Frequency of impacted teeth and categorization of impacted canines: A retrospective radiographic study using orthopantomograms.

Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the frequency of impacted maxillary canines using seven subtype classification system. For this purpose, impacted maxillary canines have been divided into seven various subtypes.

Materials And Methods: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional, and retrospective study conducted using radiographic data of residents of Madinah, Al Munawwarah.

Keratinized Gingiva Height Increases After Alveolar Corticotomy and Augmentation Bone Grafting.

Background: The aim of the present study is to compare the keratinized gingival tissue (KT) height labial to the mandibular incisors after active orthodontic treatment (AOT) with and without alveolar corticotomy and bone grafting.

Methods: Two orthodontically treated groups of 35 patients each, with (Cort) and without (Conv) alveolar decortication and augmentation bone grafting, are matched in this case-control study for sample size, sex, mandibular premolar extractions, pretreatment age, post-treatment observation period, and pretreatment KT height. Standardized digital frontal occlusion photographs taken before and at least 1 year after AOT were adjusted to 96 dots per inch and measured with image analysis software for vertical KT height labial to each mandibular incisor.

Mandibular irregularity index stability following alveolar corticotomy and grafting: a 10-year preliminary study.

Objective: To evaluate mandibular irregularity index stability following orthodontic treatment facilitated by alveolar corticotomy and augmentation bone grafting (Cort+).

Materials And Methods: The irregularity index of 121 orthodontically treated and 15 untreated patient study casts was analyzed at 5 years and 10 years.

Results: Cort+ resulted in significantly lower mandibular irregularity index scores at both 5 years (1.

Isolation and characterization of a tetramethylammonium-degrading Methanococcoides strain and a novel glycine betaine-utilizing Methanolobus strain.

Two novel strains of methanogens were isolated from an estuarine sediment with the capability to utilize quaternary amines. Based on the 16S rRNA analysis, strain B1d shared 99 % sequence identity with Methanolobus vulcani PL-12/M(T) and strain Q3c shared 99 % identity with Methanococcoides sp. PM1 and PM2, but our current isolates display clearly different capabilities of growth on quaternary amines and were isolated based on these capabilities.

A nonpyrrolysine member of the widely distributed trimethylamine methyltransferase family is a glycine betaine methyltransferase.

COG5598 comprises a large number of proteins related to MttB, the trimethylamine:corrinoid methyltransferase. MttB has a genetically encoded pyrrolysine residue proposed essential for catalysis. MttB is the only known trimethylamine methyltransferase, yet the great majority of members of COG5598 lack pyrrolysine, leaving the activity of these proteins an open question.

Orthodontic treatment need in Dubai school adolescents: a study of 20,000 school-age adolescents in 66 public and private schools comparing orthodontic treatment need by gender and ethnicity.

Aim: The purpose of the study was to compare and contrast the orthodontic treatment needs of Dubai school-age school age children as a function of gender and ethnicity.

Methods: A total of 20,880 subjects were screened in 66 public and private school located in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The study sample was grouped according to seven geographic regions.

Oral hygiene status in school adolescents: a study of 20,000 school-age adolescents in 66 public and private schools comparing oral hygiene status by gender and ethnicity.

Aims: To compare and contrast oral health related data related to Simplified Oral hygiene index (OHI-S) in Dubai school-aged students as a function of the population demographics gender and ethnicity.

Methods: A total of 20,880 subjects were screened in 66 public and private school located in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The study sample was grouped according to seven geographic regions.

MicroRNA 21 (miR-21) and miR-181b couple with NFI-A to generate myeloid-derived suppressor cells and promote immunosuppression in late sepsis.

The sepsis initial hyperinflammatory reaction, if not treated early, shifts to a protracted state of immunosuppression that alters both innate and adaptive immunity and is associated with elevated mortality. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are myeloid progenitors and precursors that fail to differentiate into mature innate-immunity cells and are known for their potent immunosuppressive activities. We previously reported that murine MDSCs expand dramatically in the bone marrow during late sepsis, induced by cecal ligation and puncture, and demonstrated that they contribute to late-sepsis immunosuppression.

The COMBREX project: design, methodology, and initial results.

Experimental data exists for only a vanishingly small fraction of sequenced microbial genes. This community page discusses the progress made by the COMBREX project to address this important issue using both computational and experimental resources.

MicroRNA-146a and RBM4 form a negative feed-forward loop that disrupts cytokine mRNA translation following TLR4 responses in human THP-1 monocytes.

Within hours after its initiation, the severe systemic inflammatory response of sepsis shifts to an adaptive anti-inflammatory state with coincident immunosuppression. This anti-inflammatory phenotype is characterized by diminished proinflammatory cytokine gene expression in response to toll-like receptor (TLR) stimulation with bacterial endotoxin/lipopolysaccharide (LPS), also known as endotoxin tolerance/adaptation. Our and other studies have established that gene-specific reprogramming following TLR4 responses independently represses transcription and translation of proinflammatory genes such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα).

Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1 disrupts proinflammatory protein synthesis in endotoxin-adapted monocytes.

Autotoxic production of proinflammatory mediators during early sepsis induces excessive inflammation, and their later suppression may limit the immune response. We previously reported that sepsis differentially represses transcription and translation of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) to reprogram sepsis inflammation. This switch is gene specific and plays a crucial role in the clinically relevant syndrome of endotoxin adaptation/tolerance, multiorgan failure, and poor sepsis outcome.