Laparoscopic surgery: surgical education in the People's Republic of China: changes after 15 years.

The introduction of laparoscopic surgery education in Mainland China took place in 1991, when Chinese surgeons rushed to the hospital where the first laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the country was performed to learn the keyhole technique; and different groups of surgeons from Western countries visited the land to convey their experience and foresight with their friendship. The situation in laparoscopic surgery and its education has changed a lot in the last 15 years. Communication via conference and workshops are used heavily as a teaching method in laparoscopic surgery education.

Reproducibility of subclassification of squamous intraepithelial lesions: conventional versus ThinPrep paps.

Objective: Liquid-based cytologic methods are increasingly used, and classification of squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) affects patient management. This study compared interobserver reproducibility in SIL subclassification on conventional (CV) and ThinPrep (TP) cytologic specimens.

Materials And Methods: Four reviewers independently subclassified SIL on 69 CV and 60 TP Paps.

24-hour pretreatment with delta opioid enhances survival from hemorrhagic shock.

Objectives: Delta opioids have been shown to confer ischemic preconditioning and pharmacologic ischemic preconditioning to the myocardium. However, their role in providing extended pharmacologic ischemic preconditioning in hemorrhagic shock has not been explored. The authors examined the effects of 24-hour preinfusions of a selective delta opioid receptor agonist, Deltorphin-Dvariant (Delt-Dvar), on hemodynamic stability and duration of survival in a rat model of severe hemorrhagic shock.

Validating dental and medical students' evaluations of faculty teaching in an integrated, multi-instructor course.

As more students from various health professions are combined into integrated courses, evaluating the teaching quality of individual faculty in these typically large, multi-instructor contexts becomes increasingly difficult. Indeed, students who lack sufficient recall of a given faculty member or are not committed to the evaluation process may respond by marking identical responses to all evaluation items (e.g.

Clinical skills as demonstrated by a comprehensive clinical performance examination: who performs better - men or women?

Purpose: Determine whether gender predicted student performance on a clinical performance examination (CPX) when controlling for pre-matriculation and medical school performance.

Method: A sixteen-station CPX, utilizing standardized patients (SPs), was administered to the fourth-year students three successive years at one United States medical school. Scores for each student by discipline and skills across stations were generated.

A valid method of laparoscopic simulation training and competence assessment.

Background: The purpose of our study was to evaluate the construct validity of laparoscopic technical performance measures and the face validity of three laparoscopic simulations.

Materials And Methods: Subjects (N = 27) of varying levels of surgical experience performed three laparoscopic simulations, representing appendectomy (LA), cholecystectomy (LC), and inguinal hemiorrhaphy (LH). Five laparoscopic surgeons, blinded to the identity of the subjects, rated the subjects on procedural competence on a binary scale and in four skills categories on a 5-point scale: clinical judgment, dexterity, serial/simultaneous complexity, and spatial orientation.

Training and educational approaches to minimally invasive surgery: state of the art.

Current training in minimally invasive surgery (MIS) is inadequate given the demands of patients on practitioners and the number of surgeons and residents who still need to be trained. The training that is provided is neither widespread nor is it standardized, resulting in graduate surgeons with a wide range of competence. There is little guidance in what a training program needs to be effective.

Gender discrimination and sexual harassment in medical education: perspectives gained by a 14-school study.

Purpose: The authors attempted to determine male and female medical students' exposures to and perceptions of gender discrimination and sexual harassment (GD/SH) in selected academic and nonacademic contexts.

Method: An anonymous, self-report questionnaire was administered in the spring of 1997 to senior medical students at 14 U.S.

Medical students' ratings of faculty teaching in a multi-instructor setting: an examination of monotonic response patterns.

Realizing that the psychometric properties of a measure may be highly variable is especially relevant in a multi-instructor context, since an implicit assumption is that student ratings are equally reliable and valid for all faculty ratees. As a possible indicator of nonattending (i.e.