Review of Clinically Assessed Molecular Fluorophores for Intraoperative Image Guided Surgery.

The term "fluorescence" was first proposed nearly two centuries ago, yet its application in clinical medicine has a relatively brief history coming to the fore in the past decade. Nowadays, as fluorescence is gradually expanding into more medical applications, fluorescence image-guided surgery has become the new arena for this technology. It allows surgical teams to real-time visualize target tissues or anatomies intraoperatively to increase the precision of resection or preserve vital structures during open or laparoscopic surgeries.

Metformin for the Prevention of Antipsychotic-Induced Weight Gain: Guideline Development and Consensus Validation.

Background: Overweight and obesity are highly prevalent in people with severe mental illness (SMI). Antipsychotic-induced weight gain (AIWG) is one of the most commonly reported and distressing side effects of treatment and people living with SMI place a high value on the avoidance of this side effect. Metformin is the most effective pharmacological intervention studied for the prevention of AIWG yet clear guidelines are lacking and evidence has not translated into practice.

An Evaluative Study of a Nurse-Led Surgical Information Initiative for Gender Diverse Individuals Seeking Genital Surgery.

Aim: To evaluate the impact of nurse-led one-on-one psychoeducation sessions on gender diverse individuals seeking gender-affirming genital surgery.

Design: A quasi-experimental, pre- and post-test research design was employed to examine the impact of a nurse-led initiative on improving patients self-perceived knowledge and confidence pertaining to gender affirming genital surgery. The study followed the SQUIRE 2.

Observing bioorthogonal macrocyclizations in the nuclear envelope of live cells using on/on fluorescence lifetime microscopy.

The reactive partnership between azides and strained alkynes is at the forefront of bioorthogonal reactions, with their cellular studies often achieved through the use of off to on fluorophores with fluorescence microscopy. In this work, the first demonstration of a bioorthogonal, macrocycle-forming reaction occurring within the nuclear envelope of live cells has been accomplished, utilising on/on fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy for real-time continuous observation of the transformation. The fluorescent, macrocyclic BF azadipyrromethene was accessible through a double 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition within minutes, between a precursor bis-azido substituted fluorophore and Sondheimer diyne in water or organic solvents.

GLP-1 therapy increases visceral adipose tissue metabolic activity: lessons from a randomized controlled trial in obstructive sleep apnea.

Objective: Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues are currently the most widely used pharmacotherapies for weight loss. Their primary mechanism of action is attributed to reduction in energy intake. Data from murine studies also support an additional impact of those agents on energy homeostasis through upregulation of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) metabolic activity, but this remains uncertain in humans.

Conditions Leading to Ketene Formation in Vaping Devices and Implications for Public Health.

The outbreak of e-cigarette or vaping use-associated lung injury (EVALI) in the United States in 2019 led to a total of 2807 hospitalizations with 68 deaths. While the exact causes of this vaping-related lung illness are still being debated, laboratory analyses of products from victims of EVALI have shown that vitamin E acetate (VEA), an additive in some tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)-containing products, is strongly linked to the EVALI outbreak. Because of its similar appearance and viscosity to pure THC oil, VEA was used as a diluent agent in cannabis oils in illicit markets.

A NIR-Fluorochrome for Live Cell Dual Emission and Lifetime Tracking from the First Plasma Membrane Interaction to Subcellular and Extracellular Locales.

Molecular probes with the ability to differentiate between subcellular variations in acidity levels remain important for the investigation of dynamic cellular processes and functions. In this context, a series of cyclic peptide and PEG bio-conjugated dual near-infrared emissive BF-azadipyrromethene fluorophores with maxima emissions at 720 nm (at pH > 6) and 790 nm (at pH < 5) have been developed and their aqueous solution photophysical properties determined. Their inter-converting emissions and fluorescence lifetime characteristics were exploited to track their spatial and temporal progression from first contact with the plasma membrane to subcellular locales to their release within extracellular vesicles.

Instruments used to assess gender-affirming healthcare access: A scoping review.

Purpose: The overall aim of this scoping review was to identify, explore and map the existing literature pertaining to healthcare access for transgender and non-binary individuals.

Design: The scoping review followed Arksey and O'Malley's methodological framework, and the reporting adhered to the guidelines provided by the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews.

Methods: To gather relevant articles, a comprehensive search strategy was employed across four electronic databases, with the assistance of a university librarian.

Effectiveness of integrating a pragmatic pathway for prescribing liraglutide 3.0 mg in weight management services (STRIVE study): a multicentre, open-label, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial.

Background: An effective prescribing pathway for liraglutide 3 mg, an approved obesity pharmacotherapy, may improve treatment access. This trial compared a targeted prescribing pathway for liraglutide 3 mg with multiple stopping rules in specialist weight management services (SWMS) to standard SWMS care.

Methods: This phase four, two-year, multicentre, open-label, parallel-group, real-world randomized clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.

Biguanides and glucagon like peptide 1 receptor agonists in the amelioration of post liver transplant weight gain; a scoping review of the mechanism of action, safety and efficacy.

Weight gain post-liver transplant can lead to adverse patient outcomes in the post-transplant period. Pharmacotherapy and other measures can be utilised to reduce the burden and occurrence of weight gain in this population. We explored the mechanism of action, safety, and efficacy of these medications, specifically GLP-1 receptor agonists and metformin, focusing on liver transplant patients.

Forecasting vaping health risks through neural network model prediction of flavour pyrolysis reactions.

Vaping involves the heating of chemical solutions (e-liquids) to high temperatures prior to lung inhalation. A risk exists that these chemicals undergo thermal decomposition to new chemical entities, the composition and health implications of which are largely unknown. To address this concern, a graph-convolutional neural network (NN) model was used to predict pyrolysis reactivity of 180 e-liquid chemical flavours.

Regulatory landscape enrichment analysis (RLEA): a computational toolkit for non-coding variant enrichment and cell type prioritization.

Background: As genomic studies continue to implicate non-coding sequences in disease, testing the roles of these variants requires insights into the cell type(s) in which they are likely to be mediating their effects. Prior methods for associating non-coding variants with cell types have involved approaches using linkage disequilibrium or ontological associations, incurring significant processing requirements. GaiaAssociation is a freely available, open-source software that enables thousands of genomic loci implicated in a phenotype to be tested for enrichment at regulatory loci of multiple cell types in minutes, permitting insights into the cell type(s) mediating the studied phenotype.

Cardiometabolic health in people with HIV: expert consensus review.

Objectives: To develop consensus data statements and clinical recommendations to provide guidance for improving cardiometabolic health outcomes in people with HIV based on the knowledge and experience of an international panel of experts.

Methods: A targeted literature review including 281 conference presentations, peer-reviewed articles, and background references on cardiometabolic health in adults with HIV published between January 2016 and April 2022 was conducted and used to develop draft consensus data statements. Using a modified Delphi method, an international panel of 16 experts convened in workshops and completed surveys to refine consensus data statements and generate clinical recommendations.

A thiol-ene mediated approach for peptide bioconjugation using 'green' solvents under continuous flow.

Flow chemistry has emerged as an integral process within the chemical sector permitting energy efficient synthetic scale-up while improving safety and minimising solvent usage. Herein, we report the first applications of the photoactivated, radical-mediated thiol-ene reaction for peptide bioconjugation under continuous flow. Bioconjugation reactions employing deep eutectic solvents, bio-based solvents and fully aqueous systems are reported here for a range of biologically relevant peptide substrates.

Real-world glycaemic outcomes in patients with type 1 diabetes using glucose sensors-Experience from a single centre in Dublin.

Aims: To evaluate changes in glycated haemoglobin (HbA c) and sensor-based glycaemic metrics after glucose sensor commencement in adults with T1D.

Methods: We performed a retrospective observational single-centre study on HbA c, and sensor-based glycaemic data following the initiation of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in adults with T1D (n = 209).

Results: We observed an overall improvement in HbA c from 66 (59-78) mmol/mol [8.

Factors that help and hinder transgender and nonbinary youth accessing gender care in Ireland: A multistakeholder exploration.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to identify the common factors that help and hinder transgender and nonbinary youth accessing gender-specific health care in Ireland and to identify how these factors may be perceived differently by young people seeking gender-affirming care, their parents, and health-care providers.

Design: Qualitative investigation utilizing framework analysis (FA).

Methods: In-depth one-one interviews were conducted with transgender and nonbinary youth (n = 10), parents of youth (n = 10), and gender-specific health-care providers (n = 10).

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure but Not GLP1-mediated Weight Loss Improves Early Cardiovascular Disease in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Randomized Proof-of-Concept Study.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality, but the benefit of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is uncertain. However, most randomized controlled trials have focused on the role of CPAP in secondary prevention, although there is growing evidence of a potential benefit on early CV disease. Weight loss in combination with CPAP may be superior but is difficult to achieve and maintain with conventional measures alone.

Distinct receptor binding domain IgG thresholds predict protective host immunity across SARS-CoV-2 variants and time.

SARS-CoV-2 neutralising antibodies provide protection against COVID-19. Evidence from early vaccine trials suggested binding antibody thresholds could serve as surrogate markers of neutralising capacity, but whether these thresholds predict sufficient neutralising capacity against variants of concern (VOCs), and whether this is impacted by vaccine or infection history remains unclear. Here we analyse individuals recovered from, vaccinated or with hybrid immunity against SARS-CoV-2.

Regulatory Landscape Enrichment Analysis (RLEA) using gaiaAssociation.

Motivation: To understand whether sets of genomic loci are enriched at the regulatory loci of one or more cell types, we developed the gaiaAssociation package to perform Regulatory Landscape Enrichment Analysis (RLEA). RLEA is a novel analytical process that tests for enrichment of sets of loci in cell type-specific open chromatin regions (OCRs) in the genome.

Results: We demonstrate that the application of RLEA to genome-wide association study (GWAS) data reveals cell types likely to be mediating the phenotype studied, and clusters OCRs based on their shared regulatory profiles.

Muscle deoxygenation during ramp incremental cycle exercise in older adults with type 2 diabetes.

Purpose: To explore profiles of fractional O extraction (using near-infrared spectroscopy) during ramp incremental cycling in older individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: Twelve individuals with T2D (mean ± SD, age: 63 ± 3 years) and 12 healthy controls (mean age: 65 ± 3 years) completed a ramp cycling exercise. Rates of muscle deoxygenation (i.

NK cells vs. obesity: A tale of dysfunction & redemption.

Natural killer (NK) cells are critical in protecting the body against infection and cancer. NK cells can rapidly respond to these threats by directly targeting the infected or transformed cell using their cytotoxic machinery or by initiating and amplifying the immune response via their production of cytokines. Additionally, NK cells are resident across many tissues including adipose, were their role extends from host protection to tissue homeostasis.

Clinical features and outcomes of appendiceal neuroendocrine tumours: 10 year audit from the Irish NET Centre of Excellence.

Appendiceal neuroendocrine tumours (aNETs) are rare neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract often diagnosed incidentally at the time of appendicectomy. Appendicectomy is considered curative in the majority of cases but guidelines recommend right-sided hemicolectomy (RHC) for those with specific high-risk features despite no data supporting a survival benefit. We performed a retrospective search of multi-disciplinary tumour board and pathology databases from 2012 to 2022 to identify cases of aNET treated at our centre.