Characterization of data-driven clusters in diabetes-free adults and their utility for risk stratification of type 2 diabetes.

Background: The prevention of type 2 diabetes is challenging due to the variable effects of risk factors at an individual level. Data-driven methods could be useful to detect more homogeneous groups based on risk factor variability. The aim of this study was to derive characteristic phenotypes using cluster analysis of common risk factors and to assess their utility to stratify the risk of type 2 diabetes.

Arterial Stiffness and HbA1c: Association Mediated by Insulin Resistance in Hispanic Adults.

Arterial stiffness may be associated with glucose metabolism parameters, such as HbA1c, mainly via insulin resistance. We aimed to investigate the association between arterial stiffness and HbA1c and explore the mediator effect of insulin resistance. In this cross-sectional study, arterial stiffness (pulse-wave velocity; PWV), HbA1c, and insulin resistance (METS-IR) were determined in Hispanic adults.

Association between insulin resistance and arterial stiffness in Mexican patients without type 2 diabetes.

Background: Central aortic arterial stiffness (CAAS) is an independent cardiovascular risk factor. Insulin resistance (IR) contributes to CAAS-associated risk.

Objective: To evaluate the association between IR and CAAS in a Mexican population without diabetes.

Evaluation of a Web Platform to Record Lifestyle Habits in Subjects at Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes in a Middle-Income Population: Prospective Interventional Study.

Background: Lifestyle is the focus of type 2 diabetes (T2D) prevention strategies. Prevention strategies using mobile health (mHealth)-based therapy have shown positive results for T2D prevention in high-income settings, but little is known about their effectiveness in low- and middle-income populations where the burden of T2D is substantial. "Vida Sana" is a web platform designed to record lifestyle habits and medication use within a lifestyle change program.

Two novel variants in DYRK1B causative of AOMS3: expanding the clinical spectrum.

Background: We investigated pathogenic DYRK1B variants causative of abdominal obesity-metabolic syndrome 3 (AOMS3) in a group of patients originally diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. All DYRK1B exons were analyzed in a sample of 509 unrelated adults with type 2 diabetes and 459 controls, all belonging to the DMS1 SIGMA-cohort (ExAC). We performed in silico analysis on missense variants using Variant Effect Predictor software.

Primary Barriers of Adherence to a Structured Nutritional Intervention in Patients with Dyslipidemia.

Purpose: To describe the primary barriers to adequately adhering to a structured nutritional intervention.

Patients And Methods: A total of 106 participants diagnosed with dyslipidemia and without a medical nutrition therapeutic plan were included in this two-year study conducted at the INCMNSZ dyslipidemia clinic in Mexico City. All patients were treated with the same structured strategies, including three face-to-face visits and two telephone follow-up visits.

Natural course of metabolically healthy phenotype and risk of developing Cardiometabolic diseases: a three years follow-up study.

Background: Whether the metabolically healthy obese (MHO) phenotype is a single, stable or a transitional, fluctuating state is currently unknown. The Mexican-Mestizo population has a genetic predisposition for the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and other cardiometabolic complications. Little is known about the natural history of metabolic health in this population.

Clinical and metabolomic predictors of regression to normoglycemia in a population at intermediate cardiometabolic risk.

Background: Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) is a prevalent and potentially reversible intermediate stage leading to type 2 diabetes that increases risk for cardiometabolic complications. The identification of clinical and molecular factors associated with the reversal, or regression, from IFG to a normoglycemia state would enable more efficient cardiovascular risk reduction strategies. The aim of this study was to identify clinical and biological predictors of regression to normoglycemia in a non-European population characterized by high rates of type 2 diabetes.

Familial hypertriglyceridemia: an entity with distinguishable features from other causes of hypertriglyceridemia.

Background: Familial hypertriglyceridemia (FHTG) is a partially characterized primary dyslipidemia which is frequently confused with other forms hypertriglyceridemia. The aim of this work is to search for specific features that can help physicians recognize this disease.

Methods: This study included 84 FHTG cases, 728 subjects with common mild-to-moderate hypertriglyceridemia (CHTG) and 609 normotriglyceridemic controls.

Contribution of Known Genetic Risk Variants to Dyslipidemias and Type 2 Diabetes in Mexico: A Population-Based Nationwide Study.

Dyslipidemias are common risk factors for the development of chronic disorders including type 2 diabetes (T2D). Over 100 associated have been identified but few reports have evaluated the population attributable fraction captured by them in population-based nationwide surveys. Therefore, we determined the population contribution of a set of known genetic risk variants to the development of dyslipidemias and T2D in Mexico.

Empowerment of patients with type 2 diabetes: current perspectives.

Patient empowerment is a continuous process in which knowledge, motivation, and capacity to take control of their disease are built within a person. This concept is not always well understood and applied. This review describes the strategies to induce empowerment in patients with diabetes.

Metabolic Score for Visceral Fat (METS-VF), a novel estimator of intra-abdominal fat content and cardio-metabolic health.

Background & Aims: Intra-abdominal and visceral fat (VAT) are risk factors for the development of cardio-metabolic comorbidities; however its clinical assessment is limited by technology and required expertise for its assessment. We aimed to develop a novel score (METS-VF) to estimate VAT by combining the non-insulin-based METS-IR index, waist-height ratio (WHtr), age and sex.

Methods: We developed METS-VF in a sample of 366 individuals with Dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).

Prediction of incident hypertension and arterial stiffness using the non-insulin-based metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR) index.

Hypertension is associated with insulin resistance (IR), metabolic syndrome (MS), and arterial stiffness. Non-insulin-based IR indexes were developed as tools for metabolic screening. Here, we aimed to evaluate the novel non-insulin-based Metabolic Score for IR (METS-IR) index for the prediction of incident hypertension and arterial stiffness evaluated using pulse wave velocity (PWV) analysis, compared with other non-insulin-based IR indexes.

Development and validation of a predictive model for incident type 2 diabetes in middle-aged Mexican adults: the metabolic syndrome cohort.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Mexico. Here, we aimed to report incidence rates (IR) of type 2 diabetes in middle-aged apparently-healthy Mexican adults, identify risk factors associated to ID and develop a predictive model for ID in a high-risk population.

Methods: Prospective 3-year observational cohort, comprised of apparently-healthy adults from urban settings of central Mexico in whom demographic, anthropometric and biochemical data was collected.

[Development and validation of a screening score for prediabetes and undiagnosed diabetes.].

Objective: To develop and validate an easy-to-use risk score to detect prediabetes and undiagnosed diabetes in Mexican population.

Materials And Methods: Using information from the Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán's cohort study of 10 234 adults, risk factors were identified and included in multiple logistic regression models stratified by sex. The beta coefficients of the final model were multiplied by 10, thus obtaining the weights of each variable in the score.

[Índices para la evaluación de la resistencia a la insulina en individuos mexicanos sin diabetes].

Objective: To evaluate the correlation between subrogate index for the evaluation of insulin resistance with the M value obtained with the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp as well as their sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values.

Method: The euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp was performed in subjects having both normal fasting glucose and glycated hemoglobin concentrations. HOMA-IR, QUICKI, HOMA2%S, TyG, TyG*body mass index (BMI) and triglyceride/HDL indexes were calculated.

The SLC16A11 risk haplotype is associated with decreased insulin action, higher transaminases and large-size adipocytes.

Objective A haplotype at chromosome 17p13 that reduces expression and function of the solute carrier transporter SLC16A11 is associated with increased risk for type 2 diabetes in Mexicans. We aim to investigate the detailed metabolic profile of SLC16A11 risk haplotype carriers to identify potential physiological mechanisms explaining the increased type 2 diabetes risk. Design Cross-sectional study.

Identification of a threshold to discriminate fasting hypertriglyceridemia with postprandial values.

Background: Postprandial lipemia is an important cardiovascular risk factor. The assessment of postprandial lipid metabolism is a newly trend that several consortiums and countries have adopted. The aim of the study is to determine a postprandial triglyceride concentration cut-off point that accurately discriminate individuals with fasting normal triglyceride concentrations from those with fasting hypertriglyceridemia.

Mexican Carriers of the p.E508K Variant Do Not Experience an Enhanced Response to Sulfonylureas.

Objective: To assess whether an ethnic-specific variant (p.E508K) in the maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) gene hepatocyte nuclear factor-1α () found in Mexicans is associated with higher sensitivity to sulfonylureas, as documented in patients with MODY3.

Research Design And Methods: We recruited 96 participants (46 variant carriers and 50 age- and sex-matched noncarriers).

METS-IR, a novel score to evaluate insulin sensitivity, is predictive of visceral adiposity and incident type 2 diabetes.

Objective: We developed a novel non-insulin-based fasting score to evaluate insulin sensitivity validated against the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp (EHC). We also evaluated its correlation with ectopic fact accumulation and its capacity to predict incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D).

Design And Methods: The discovery sample was composed by 125 subjects (57 without and 68 with T2D) that underwent an EHC.

Non-Nutritive Sweeteners: Evidence on their Association with Metabolic Diseases and Potential Effects on Glucose Metabolism and Appetite.

There is ongoing debate concerning non-nutritive sweeteners, their usage, and their effects on metabolism. The association between non-nutritive sweeteners consumption, development of metabolic diseases, and changes in appetite-regulating hormones is not clear. The aim of this article is to present an overview of non-nutritive sweeteners and to examine the scientific evidence of their effects on glucose metabolism and appetite-regulating hormones.