Energy efficient vortex-enhanced water evaporation technology for concentrated brine management: Theory and process simulation evaluation.

Desalination drinking water systems and industrial processes generating high salinity streams require practical brine management options for disposal and/or treatment. Treatment most often involves large capacity brine concentrating processes, on the order of 2000 m/day, that rely on water evaporation, vapor compression, and condensation. A new technology adds an aerosol-generating device to the evaporation step with the goal of energy efficient operation even at smaller scales.