[PROM a contemporary approach to assessing the quality of life of patients with cancer].

PRO (patient reported outcomes) is a patient's subjective assessment of health and quality of life, without interpretation by a specialist. PROM (patient reported outcomes measure) questionnaires are used to analyzing this data. Assessment of the quality of life is a perspective direction, which allows to improve the quality of medical care and treatment results.

[Minimally invasive esophagectomy for benign esophageal diseases: results of a two-center study].

Objective: To analyze the results of thoracoscopic esophagectomy for benign esophageal diseases.

Material And Methods: The study included 78 patients who underwent thoracoscopic esophagectomy between 2011 and 2019. Peptic and burn strictures of the esophagus were diagnosed in 53 patients, achalasia - in 24 patients.

[Minimally invasive esophagectomy].

Certain advantages of minimally invasive esophagectomy compared with conventional approaches were observed. Optimal surgical access, technique and features of anastomoses formation are still unclear despite common tendency to minimally invasive esophageal surgery. Further researches are necessary to resolve these problems and improve the outcomes.

The evolution of surgical approach for esophageal cancer.

Esophageal surgery for esophageal cancer has been performed for over a century now. Minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) was first described in 1992, and it is now a standard approach in many countries. However, MIE is technically difficult and requires a long learning curve.

Surgical treatment of esophageal cancer in the era of multimodality management.

Over the last decades, the treatment of resectable esophageal cancer has evolved into a multidisciplinary process in which all players are essential for treatment to be successful. Medical oncologists and radiation oncologists have been increasingly involved since the implementation of neoadjuvant therapy, which has been shown to improve survival. Although esophagectomy is still considered the cornerstone of curative treatment for locally advanced esophageal cancer, it remains associated with considerable postoperative morbidity, despite promising results of minimally invasive techniques.

[Thoracolaparoscopic simultaneous operations on esophagus].

Extirpation or subtotal resection of esophagus was performed in 14 patients by using of thoracolaparoscopic technique in terms from November 2011 to March 2014. The mean patients' age was 56 years old (27-67 years). In 10 patients indications for surgery included benign esophagus diseases such as cardiospasm stage IV (2 cases), peptic stricture (5 cases) and burn stricture (3 cases).

[Surgeries on gastrointestinal tract without components of donor's blood].

Results of surgical treatment without transfusion of donor's blood in 58 patients were compared with ones in 40 patients treated with allogenous transfusions. Blood-saving program included preoperative storage of autoplasma, acute normovolemic hemodilution, recombinant human erythropoietin and perftoran. Both groups of patients were similar by types of surgeries performed on gastrointestinal tract.

[Surgical treatment of diseases of operated stomach].

Experience with treatment of 262 patients with late complications after operations for duodenal ulcer was analyzed. Eighty-four (32.1%) patients underwent earlier suturing of perforated duodenal ulcer, 97 (37.

[Surgical treatment of complicated ulcers of cardia and sub-cardia].

Two hundred and two patients with ulcers of a proximal part of the stomach (17.5% of all patients with gastric ulcer) were treated. In 135 (64.

[Repeated surgeries after vagotomy in duodenal ulcers].

Experience of surgical treatment of 73 patients with different postvagotomic syndromes was analyzed. The recurrent ulcers were seen most often -- in 54 (74.0%) patients.

[Surgery without donor's blood].

Complex program "Surgery without blood" was developed and introduced into a broad clinical practice. The main elements of this program are stimulation of erythropoesis, preparing in autoserum and autoblood before surgery with acute normovolemic hemodilution method, precise surgical technique, reinfusion of blood from wound and drainages, adequate anesthesia and correction of hemostasis system. This program permits one to minimize infusion of donor's blood components (DBC) in elective surgery (cardiosurgery, orthopedic surgery, neurosurgery, oncology, general surgery) and reduce significantly transfusion of DBC in urgent surgery.

[Traumatic surgeries on organs of gastrointestinal tract without components of donor's blood].

The authors propose a complex program aimed to refuse completely using donor's blood components in surgeries on organs of digestive tract. This method was used in 25 patients who underwent surgeries with 380-1500 ml of blood loss. No patients received transfusion of donor's blood components before, during and after surgery.

[One-stage esophagoplasty without transfusion of donor blood components].

Six patients aged from 27 to 62 years were operated for subtotal burn strictures, cancer and glandular polyp of a low-thoracic part of the esophagus using a complex program of non-blood surgery. The following methods were used: collection of autoplasma before surgery by plasmapheresis, collection of autologic packet red cells, normovolemic hemodilution during surgery, use of perftoran for oxygen transport and recombinant human erythropoetin to stimulate erythropoiesis and raise preporative level of hemoglobin. Components of donor blood were not used in these patients.

[Surgical treatment of duodenal ulcers].

Selective proximal vagotomy (SPV) was fulfilled in 440 patients with ulcer of the duodenum, 30.0% of them being operated upon for relative indications, and 70.0% for different complications of the ulcer.

[The experience of 1100 esophagoplasties].

The experience of esophagoplasties in various benign diseases (566) and cancer (534) of the esophagus is outlined. The operation of choice now is extirpation of the esophagus by cervico-abdominal approach with one-state posterior-mediastinal esophagoplasty by the stomach or (in case of impossibility to form the graft from the stomach)--large bowel. If there are contraindications to such operation or in case of necessity of one-stage reconstruction of the pharynx the optimal operation is sub- and total bypass esophagoplasty by the large bowel.

[Method of treatment of volumetric liver masses].

The authors propose the mode of treatment of volumetric masses of the liver which provides possibility to perform ablastic and atraumatic removal of the tumor with prophylaxis of bleeding by creation of the coagulation pellicle in the bed of the removed tumor. The method is based on the rational combination of cryodestruction, mechanical excision and laser coagulation: evaporation by the disfocused laser beam of the frozen bed of the tumor after its cryodestruction and mechanical excision, the principles of the ablastics are being completely kept; at the surface of the hepatic tissue the coagulation scab is being formed. Bleeding and biliary leakage are absent.

[The device for placing ligature in deep wounds].

A special device has been designed to provide safe and convenient placing of a ligature to the dissector or clamp in a deep wound. The device contains fork-shaped working part and a handle. The handle has an obtuse-angle curve and is connected with the working part by a hinge.

[One-stage esophagoplasty with pathologically changed or previously operated stomach].

The results of esophagus extirpation with subsequent one-stage esophagoplasty by pathologically changed or previously operated stomach in 50 patients are analysed. 2 patients had gastric and esophagus cancer and 48 patients esophagus strictures. 36 patients had been previously operated on their stomach, 10 patients had scar deformation of the stomach after thermal burns, 2 patients had a giant leiomyoma.

[Enteral tube feeding of patients after esophagoplasty].

A method for enteral catheter feeding is suggested. It was applied in 60 patients after esophagoplasty. The main group consisted of 23 females and 37 males aged from 18 to 68 years.

[Removal of esophagus using a one-stage repair].

The article deals with the results of operations performed on 306 patients for extirpation of the esophagus and one-stage total esophagoplasty with the formation of the anastomosis on the neck. The operation was conducted on 178 patients with carcinoma and 128 patients with benign esophageal strictures. The authors claim this operation to be the operation of choice in esophageal carcinoma, cardioesophageal carcinoma, burn and peptic strictures, and in patients with stage IV cardiospasm.

One-stage surgery for esophageal cancer.

Of 102 patients operated on from 1985 to 1989, 75 patients had esophageal cancer, 21 had cancer of the cardia involving the thoracic portion of the esophagus, 3 had gastroesophageal cancer, 2 had leiomyosarcoma, and 1 had an epidermoid lesion of the middle third of the esophagus and cardial adenocarcinoma. All of them underwent extirpation of the esophagus with one-stage esophagoplasty and the establishment of a cervical anastomosis. The esophagus was replaced by an isoperistaltic tube made from the greater curvature of the stomach in 95 patients, from the colon in 4, and from the small intestine in 3 patients.

[One-stage total and intrapleural esophagoplasty in cancer and benign esophageal strictures].

The authors compared the results of one-stage intrapleural (114 patients) and total esophagoplasty (214 patients). The immediate postoperative results are better in total esophagoplasty both in carcinoma and in benign strictures of the esophagus. Incompetence of the esophageal anastomosis is much less dangerous on the neck than in the pleural cavity.

[Esophageal extirpation with one-stage esophagoplasty].

In the period from 1980 to June, 1989 the authors conducted operations on 128 patients for extirpation of the esophagus with one-stage esophagoplasty by means of an isoperistaltic tube formed from the greater curvature of the stomach. Fifty-four of these patients had benign esophageal strictures, 74 had malignant lesions of the esophagus. The authors claim this operation to be the operation of choice in carcinoma of the lower third of the esophagus and in carcinoma of the cardia extending to the thoracic esophagus.

[Selection of the method of operation on the stomach in the complex treatment of esophageal and gastric burns].

The results of treatment of 317 patients with concurrent burn of the esophagus and stomach are generalized. Various restorative operations were carried out in 214 of them. The pyloroplasty-type plasty with local tissues was performed in short strictures of the pylorus, cardioesophageal junction, duodenum, and the initial portion of the small intestine.