[Epidemiological and clinical profile childhood cancers with pleural and pulmonary lesions in the pediatric oncology unit of Treichville University Hospital (Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire)].

Introduction: Pediatric cancers are a major public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa. However, they are seldom studied, especially as regards in their extensive forms.

Methodology: An eight-year retrospective and descriptive study was carried out so as to specify the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of cancers with pleural and pulmonary involvement in children of 0 to 14years of age in the pediatric oncology unit at the University Hospital of Treichville, Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast).

[Current situation of primary prophylaxis with isoniazid (INH) in children who are contacts of patients with bacillary pulmonary tuberculosis in Abidjan (Cote d'Ivoire)].

Introduction: The National tuberculosis program (NTP) in Ivory Coast recommends that children under 5 years living in a family environment with contagious tuberculosis patients, should receive Prophylactic treatment with INH (PTI), whatever the result of the tuberculin skin test (positive or negative) and their BCG status (vaccinated or not), at a dose of 5mg/kg/day for 6 months. We conducted this study to check the implementation of this recommendation in three support services of tuberculosis in Abidjan, the economic capital.

Material And Method: We conducted a multicenter, cross-sectional and descriptive study over 3 years (2011-2013), on consented patients, adolescents and adults aged at least 15 years, with a first episode of infectious pulmonary tuberculosis, in order to look for information on the INH prophylaxis in children under 5 years living under the same roof.

[Multidrug resistant tuberculosis among health personnel in Côte d'Ivoire].

Unlabelled: Multidrug resistance tuberculosis (MDR-TB) of health workers raises the question of hospital-borne transmission of infection.

Observations: We report 4 cases of MDR-TB confirmed at the health workers over a period of 8 years (January, 2005 to December 2012), in the 2 services of pulmonology from Abidjan to Côte d'Ivoire). It was about young grown-up patients (aged between 28 and 39 years), all HIV negatives, in a no-win situation of antituberculosis treatment (3 patients/4).

[Ivory Coast physician's knowledge and attitudes about smoking in patients with tuberculosis].

Introduction: Smoking promotes, among other health problems, the development of tuberculosis and the discovery of a case of tuberculosis can therefore be an opportunity for tobacco control interventions.

Methods: We conducted a prospective study evaluating the knowledge of 37 Ivorian physicians (32 men and 5 women with 5 active smokers) on the relationship between smoking and tuberculosis and their attitudes to smoking tuberculous patients between February and August 2012 using an anonymous self-administered questionnaire.

Results: The response rate to the questionnaire was 88.

[Extensively drug resistant tuberculosis in Ivory Coast].

Introduction: The emergence of tuberculosis with ultraresistant bacilli (TB-UR or XDR-TB) came to increase the threat concerning the progress realized in tuberculosis control. This observation establishes the only case of XDR-TB documented and published since the beginning of pharmacoresistant tuberculosis management in Ivory Coast from 2000 till 2010. This case was diagnosed in 2005 at a HIV-negative 32-year-old woman, initially declared MDR-TB.

[Fixed drug eruption after taking ethambutol].

Introduction: Fixed drug eruption (FDE) is a specific skin reaction and the only exclusively medicinal dermatosis. Among the drugs usually responsible are the antituberculous antibiotics including rifampicin and, less often, isoniazid and pyrazinamide. FDE after taking ethambutol is rarely described.

[Effects of war on control of tuberculosis in Côte d'Ivoire from 2002 to 2007].

Objectives: To specify consequences of armed conflict in Côte d'Ivoire from 2002 to 2007 on treatment outcomes of new cases of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB+) and retreatment cases.

Methodology: Retrospective analysis of treatment outcomes and reprocessing notified to the National Program against Tuberculosis from 2001 to 2008.

Results: Totally, 7,4232 cases of TPM+ and 5094 cases of reprocessing had been declared during the war period in Côte d'Ivoire.

[Simvastatin indused chylothorax].

Chylothorax is a rare disorder occurring most often in aftermath of a thoracic surgery or during cancer of mediastinum. We report the clinical history of the world's second case of chylothorax which appeared during treatment with simvastatin.

[Persistent, cavitating, non-tuberculous pneumopathy in a patient with HIV: the role of Candida?].

Fungal agents are not common cause of pneumonia. In favorables conditions mycosis can cause atypical clinical and radiographic figures. Authors report the observation of a 45 years and VIH-positive patient presenting a persistant and excavating pneumonia probably caused by Candida albicans.

[A new focus of human paragonimosis discovered in Côte d'Ivoire (West Africa): the case of the Lauzoua Island].

Fifteen cases of human paragonimosis were detected in Ivory Coast from 1974 to 1999. Since no further cases have been reported, an epidemiological survey was carried out in local health centers. The purpose of this paper is to described a new focus of paragonimosis discovered on Lauzoua Island.

[Persistence of a paragonimosis focus in the department of Lakota, Côte d'Ivoire (West Africa)].

A field survey was carried out from March to August 2006 in three villages around the town of Lakota (Côte d'Ivoire) to verify the presence of paragonimosis in local people, wild vertebrates, and crabs. Out of the 92 patients who were recruited because of their chronic cough, haemoptysis and/or epilepsy, 3 had Paragonimus eggs in their stools and/or sputa. Examination of stools belonging to 24 wild mammals and a reptile revealed the presence of eggs in three civets (Viverra civetta) and a mongoose (Crossarchus obscurus).

First findings on the seroepidemiology of human paragonimosis at the anti-tuberculosis centre of Divo, Repubuc of Ivory Coast (West Africa).

An epidemiological study was carried out in 2004-2005 at the anti-tuberculosis centre of Divo (Ivory Coast) to collect sera from patients who consulted for tuberculosis suspicion and to estimate the seroprevalence of human paragonimosis in the context of a systematic screening. No Paragonimus egg was found in the stools and/or sputa of the 167 persons investigated. In contrast, 41 sera were ascertained with antibodies against Paragonimus africanus using ELISA testing.

[Tuberculous pleural effusion and HIV infection at the pulmonary disease clinic in Abidjan, Ivory Coast].

Clinical, radiographic, biological, histological and pathological data from thirty HIV-infected patients with tuberculous pleural effusion were prospectively collected at the pulmonary disease clinic at the University teaching hospital of Treichville in Abidjan from April to December 1999. Patients mean age was 35 years, ranging from 16 to 79. The white cell count in the serous effusion pleural fluid was high with predominant lymphocytes.

[Aetiologies of pleural effusions in HIV-infected patients in Abidjan, Côte-d'Ivoire].

From December 1995 to March 1996 a cross sectional study was carried out in the pulmonary Medicine Unit of Treichville in Abidjan. In order to specify the main aetiologies of pleural effusion, an investigation was conducted among 35 adult patients (19 men and 16 women) suffering from pleuritis. Overall, the mean age was 32.

[Relapse of pulmonary tuberculosis in the context of tuberculosis-HIV co-infection in Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire). Short note].

A cohort study was carried out from October 2001 to March 2002, in order to analyze the main characteristics of 53 adults patients (38 HIV-positive and 15 HIV-negative), who had a relapse of pulmonary tuberculosis. The observance in the first period of the treatment of tuberculosis was regular in 79% of tuberculous patients infected by the HIV (30/38) and in 87% of tuberculous patients who where HIV-negative (13/15) (p = 0.7).

[Antitubercular drug treatment failure and HIV infection in Abidjan (Ivory Coast)].

A retrospective study from 1989 to 1993 was carried out on eighty patients out of 106 cases of tuberculosis treatment failure; representing 2.2% of persons with active pulmonary tuberculosis followed at the tuberculosis screening center of Abidjan. The rate of HIV seropositivity was 43.

[Bronchial endoscopy for the diagnosis of tuberculous mediastinal adenopathies].

The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the yield of bronchial endoscopy for the diagnosis of tuberculous mediastinal adenopathies. We analyzed the results in 200 procedures in patients with tuberculous mediastinal adenopathies. Mediastinal tuberculous adenopathies were found in 6% of the patients with tuberculosis diagnosed during the same period.

[Simultaneous resistance to rifampicin and isoniazid in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis].

Percentages of primary and acquired resistance to anti-tuberculosis drugs provide an epidemiological indicator useful for assessing national anti-tuberculosis programs. Rifampicin and isoniazide are widely used in countries with a high prevalence of tuberculosis. In tropical Africa, these drugs are the mainstay treatment for tuberculosis, used both in the initial and long-term regimens.

[Adult non-viral lymphocytic meningitis in Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire)].

Our prospective and longitudinal study aimed to analyse the aetiologies, clinical features and prognostic of non viral lymphocytes meningitis (NVLM). We recruited 131 patients, 77 males (59%) and 54 females (41%) sex-ratio 1.4.

Efficacy of trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole prophylaxis to decrease morbidity and mortality in HIV-1-infected patients with tuberculosis in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire: a randomised controlled trial.

Background: There is a high incidence of opportunistic infection among HIV-1-infected patients with tuberculosis in Africa and, consequently, high mortality. We assessed the safety and efficacy of trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole 800 mg/160 mg (co-trimoxazole) prophylaxis in prevention of such infections and in decrease of morbidity and mortality.

Methods: Between October, 1995, and April, 1998, we enrolled 771 HIV-1 seropositive and HIV-1 and HIV-2 dually seroreactive patients who had sputum-smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis (median age 32 years [range 18-64], median CD4-cell count 317 cells/microL) attending Abidjan's four largest outpatient tuberculosis treatment centres.

Spectrum of disease among HIV-infected adults hospitalised in a respiratory medicine unit in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.

Setting: Respiratory medicine wards of the University Teaching Hospital, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.

Objectives: To describe the spectrum of opportunistic infection among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected adults hospitalised in the respiratory medicine unit in Abidjan, and the level of immunosuppression at which these diseases occur.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

[Efficacy of a short 6 month therapeutic coursefor HIV infected tuberculosis patients in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire].

From December 1992 to February 1993, 104 newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients were enrolled in a prospective cohort study to assess the response to the 6 month-short-course regimen implemented in Cote d'Ivoire. This treatment encompassed the daily intake of Rifampicin and Pyrazinamide for 2 months followed by Rifampicin and Isoniazid for the remaining 4 months. All the patients were enrolled at the Treichville Tuberculosis Treatment Centre in Abidjan, and a follow-up of 6 months was observed for each patient.

[Pulmonary complications of human immunodeficiency virus infection in sub-Saharan Africa].

Based on a selection of articles published in the literature and reports from international AIDS conferences, we present the main pulmonary complications of HIV-infection observed in sub-Saharan Africa. The different clinical studies demonstrate the predominance of infectious complications, mainly tuberculosis (29 to 44%) and bacterial pneumonia (21 to 35%). The frequency of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia remains low (5 to 19%).

[The new face of tuberculosis in the context of the tuberculosis-HIV association in Abidjan, Ivory Coast].

This article reviews the main clinical aspects and progression of HIV-related tuberculosis in Abidjan. HIV prevalence in tuberculosis patients is high, estimated at 46.2% in 1992, with a clear predominance of HIV-1 over HIV-2.