Pulmonary health effects of wintertime particulate matter from California and China following repeated exposure and cessation.

Epidemiological studies show strong associations between fine particulate matter (PM) air pollution and adverse pulmonary effects. In the present study, wintertime PM samples were collected from three geographically similar regions-Sacramento, California, USA; Jinan, Shandong, China; and Taiyuan, Shanxi, China-and extracted to form PM, PM, and PM, respectively, for comparison in a BALB/c mouse model. Each of four groups was oropharyngeally administered Milli-Q water vehicle control (50 μL) or one type of PM extract (20 μg/50 μL) five times over two weeks.

In vivo and in vitro inflammatory responses to fine particulate matter (PM) from China and California.

Ambient PM was collected during the winter season from Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Jinan, Shandong, China; and Sacramento, California, USA, and used to create PM, PM, and PM extracts, respectively. Time-lag experiments were performed to explore the in vivo and in vitro toxicity of the PM extracts. In vivo inflammatory lung responses were assessed in BALB/c mice using a single oropharyngeal aspiration (OPA) of PM extract or vehicle (CTRL) on Day 0.

TH17-Induced Neutrophils Enhance the Pulmonary Allergic Response Following BALB/c Exposure to House Dust Mite Allergen and Fine Particulate Matter From California and China.

Asthma is a global and increasingly prevalent disease. According to the World Health Organization, approximately 235 million people suffer from asthma. Studies suggest that fine particulate matter (PM2.

Observational assessment of the role of nocturnal residual-layer chemistry in determining daytime surface particulate nitrate concentrations.

This study discusses an analysis of combined airborne and ground observations of particulate nitrate (NO ) concentrations made during the wintertime DISCOVER-AQ study at one of the most polluted cities in the United States, Fresno, CA in the San Joaquin Valley (SJV) and focuses on development of understanding of the various processes that impact surface nitrate concentrations during pollution events. The results provide an explicit case-study illustration of how nighttime chemistry can influence daytime surface-level NO concentrations, complementing previous studies in the SJV. The observations exemplify the critical role that nocturnal chemical production of NO aloft in the residual layer (RL) can play in determining daytime surface-level NO concentrations.

Differential pulmonary effects of wintertime California and China particulate matter in healthy young mice.

Airborne particulate matter (PM) is associated with adverse cardiorespiratory effects. To better understand source-orientated PM toxicity, a comparative study of the biological effects of fine PM (diameter≤2.5μm, PM) collected during the winter season from Shanxi Province, China, and the Central Valley, California, United States, was conducted.

Optical Properties of Wintertime Aerosols from Residential Wood Burning in Fresno, CA: Results from DISCOVER-AQ 2013.

The optical properties, composition and sources of the wintertime aerosols in the San Joaquin Valley (SJV) were characterized through measurements made in Fresno, CA during the 2013 DISCOVER-AQ campaign. PM2.5 extinction and absorption coefficients were measured at 405, 532, and 870 nm along with refractory black carbon (rBC) size distributions and concentrations.