REDUCING PELVIS RADIOGRAPH EXPOSURE IN CHILDREN USING A DOSE SIMULATION X-RAY RESEARCH SOFTWARE.

Pelvis radiography is a frequent X-ray examination. The objective of our study was to determine the minimum dose to be delivered without reducing the quality. We included 60 children having a pelvis X-ray in four groups that were equally represented by weight ranges.

Automated brain MRI metrics in the EPIRMEX cohort of preterm newborns: Correlation with the neurodevelopmental outcome at 2 years.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify in the EPIRMEX cohort the correlations between MRI brain metrics, including diffuse excessive high signal intensities (DEHSI) obtained with an automated quantitative method and neurodevelopmental outcomes at 2 years.

Materials And Methods: A total of 390 very preterm infants (gestational age at birth≤32 weeks) who underwent brain MRI at term equivalent age at 1.5T (n=338) or 3T (n=52) were prospectively included.

Normal volumetric and T1 relaxation time values at 1.5 T in segmented pediatric brain MRI using a MP2RAGE acquisition.

Objectives: This study introduced a tailored MP2RAGE-based brain acquisition for a comprehensive assessment of the normal maturing brain.

Methods: Seventy normal patients (35 girls and 35 boys) from 1 to 16 years of age were recruited within a prospective monocentric study conducted from a single University Hospital. Brain MRI examinations were performed at 1.

A Dose Simulation X-Ray Software: An Innovating Tool to Reduce Chest Radiograph Exposure in Children.

Purpose: Chest radiography is one of the most frequent x-ray examinations performed on children. Reducing the delivered dose is always a major task. The objective of our study was to determine the minimum dose to be delivered while maintaining the image quality of chest radiographs, using dose reduction simulation software.

Posterior fossa tumors in children: Radiological tips & tricks in the age of genomic tumor classification and advance MR technology.

Imaging plays a major role in the comprehensive assessment of posterior fossa tumor in children (PFTC). The objective is to propose a global method relying on the combined analysis of radiological, clinical and epidemiological criteria, (taking into account the child's age and the topography of the lesion) in order to improve our histological approach in imaging, helping the management and approach for surgeons in providing information to the patients' parents. Infratentorial tumors are the most frequent in children, representing mainly medulloblastoma, pilocytic astrocytoma and brainstem glioma.

Impact on child and parent anxiety level of a teddy bear-scale mock magnetic resonance scanner.

Background: Pediatric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be stressful. Mock MR scanners have been proven to be effective in avoiding the use of general anesthesia.

Objectives: We prospectively evaluated the impact of a teddy bear-scale model of a mock MR scanner on the anxiety experienced by parents and their children during MRI without general anesthesia .

Improving diagnosis accuracy of brain volume abnormalities during childhood with an automated MP2RAGE-based MRI brain segmentation.

Background And Purpose: It can be challenging to depict brain volume abnormalities in the pediatric population on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The aim of the study was to evaluate the inter-radiologist reliability in brain MRI interpretation, including brain volume assessment and the efficiency of an automated brain segmentation.

Materials And Methods: We performed a single-center prospective study including 44 patients aged six months to five years recruited from the University Hospital, having a 1.

Can We Reduce Frame Rate to 15 Images per Second in Pediatric Videofluoroscopic Swallow Studies?

Videofluoroscopic Swallow studies (VFSS) are useful radiological examinations to explore swallowing disorders but which require ionizing radiation. The aim of our study was to evaluate the comparability of pediatric VFSS at 15 frames per second (fps) with 30 fps. Fifty-five loops including 190 swallowings of VFSS at 30 fps performed on 32 consecutive pediatric patients in a University Hospital Center were retrospectively modified by a software to delete one image out of two to obtain secondary loops with a frame rate of 15 fps.

Detection of recurrent brain tumors in children: No significant difference in sensitivity between unenhanced and contrast-enhanced MRI.

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with a gadolinium injection is currently used in the follow-up of children in remission of cerebral tumors (CTs). Intracerebral gadolinium deposition has been recently reported with unknown risks. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of unenhanced brain MRI (U-MRI) in detection of tumor recurrence.

Systematic ultrasound examinations in neonates admitted to NICU: evolution of portal vein thrombosis.

Objective: The aim of the study was to better describe incidence, risk factors, and the natural evolution of neonatal portal vein thrombosis (PVT).

Study Design: One hundred and twenty-three premature newborns or with birth weight <1.5 kg were prospectively included in a single center during a one-year period.

Clinical equivalence assessment of T2 synthesized pediatric brain magnetic resonance imaging.

Background And Purpose: Automated synthetic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides qualitative, weighted image contrasts as well as quantitative information from one scan and is well-suited for various applications such as analysis of white matter disorders. However, the synthesized contrasts have been poorly evaluated in pediatric applications. The purpose of this study was to compare the image quality of synthetic T2 to conventional turbo spin-echo (TSE) T2 in pediatric brain MRI.

The prevalence of lumbar spondylolysis in young children: a retrospective analysis using CT.

Purpose: Although lumbar spondylolysis is encountered in general population with an incidence estimated to be 3-10%, limited information is available for children. The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of spondylolysis according to associated vertebral bony malformation and spinopelvic parameters in children under eight requiring CT evaluation for unrelated lumbar conditions.

Methods: Seven hundred and seventeen abdominal and pelvic multi-detector CT scans were obtained in patients under 8 years of age were reviewed.

Individual radiation exposure from computed tomography: a survey of paediatric practice in French university hospitals, 2010-2013.

Objectives: To describe computed tomography (CT) scanning parameters, volume CT dose index (CTDIvol) and dose-length product (DLP) in paediatric practice and compare them to current diagnostic reference levels (DRLs).

Methods: The survey was conducted in radiology departments of six major university hospitals in France in 2010-2013. Data collection was automatised to extract and standardise information on scanning parameters from DICOM-header files.

Variability in Imaging Practices and Comparative Cumulative Effective Dose for Neuroblastoma and Nephroblastoma Patients at 6 Pediatric Oncology Centers.

The purpose of this study was to estimate the cumulative effective dose (CED) from diagnosis and posttherapy computed tomographic (CT) scans performed on children treated for neuroblastoma or nephroblastoma (Wilms tumor) and to examine the different imaging practices used in 6 regional pediatric oncology centers between January 2010 and December 2013. We analyzed retrospectively the CT scan acquisition data in children aged 10 years or younger at diagnosis. The use of nonionizing imaging modalities was reported.

T1-weighted dynamic contrast-enhanced brain magnetic resonance imaging: A preliminary study with low infusion rate in pediatric patients.

Background The aim of this preliminary study is to evaluate the results of T1-weighted dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in pediatric patients at 1.5T, with a low peripheral intravenous gadoteric acid injection rate of 1 ml/s. Materials and methods Children with neurological symptoms were examined prospectively with conventional MRI and T1-weighted DCE MRI.

Sonography of suspected acute appendicitis in children: Evaluation of the progress in performance of senior residents.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate the progress in performance of senior residents in diagnosing acute appendicitis.

Material And Methods: Results were collected and compared of ultrasound examinations performed for suspected acute appendicitis by three senior residents and two faculty members over a six-month period in a university hospital setting. A grid with the sonographic findings was completed separately by the residents and the faculty members immediately after each examination.

Tracheobronchial Branching Abnormalities: Lobe-based Classification Scheme.

Boyden's nomenclature, which was based on postmortem specimens and published in 1955 prior to the advent of computed tomography (CT), is commonly used to describe the normal segmental bronchial anatomy and various abnormalities. However, several additional anomalies have been recognized since that time, and there is some confusion over the names used to describe these anomalies. Several congenital branching anomalies affecting the trachea, main bronchi, and intermediate bronchus have been reported, all of which can be recognized at chest CT but are often overlooked.

Efficacy and safety of embolization in arteriovenous malformations of the extremities and head and neck: a retrospective study of 32 cases.

Background: Definitive treatment of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) consists of complete surgical excision. When not possible, embolization may be performed.

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of embolization for AVMs of the extremities and head and neck.

Sturge-Weber syndrome in patients with facial port-wine stain.

Facial port-wine stain (PWS) may be associated with cerebrovascular abnormalities such as Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS). In a large series, we aimed to assess which topography of facial PWS can predict SWS. This was a cross-sectional study of consecutive patients with facial PWS seen in pediatric dermatologic or angiodysplasia consultations from 1993 to 2005 at the University Hospital Center of Tours.

Proton MR spectroscopic imaging of basal ganglia and thalamus in neurofibromatosis type 1: correlation with T2 hyperintensities.

Introduction: Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is frequently associated with hyperintense lesions on T2-weighted images called "unidentified bright objects" (UBO). To better characterize the functional significance of UBO, we investigate the basal ganglia and thalamus using spectroscopic imaging in children with NF1 and compare the results to anomalies observed on T2-weighted images.

Methods: Magnetic resonance (MR) data of 25 children with NF1 were analyzed.

Thalamo-striatal T2-weighted hyperintensities (unidentified bright objects) correlate with cognitive impairments in neurofibromatosis type 1 during childhood.

Learning disabilities represent the main childhood complication in neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Patients frequently exhibit T2-weighted hyperintensities called unidentified bright objects (UBOs) on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), with unclear relationship to such cognitive disabilities. This study aimed to determine whether thalamo-striatal UBOs correlate with cognitive disturbances.