Consideration for Health Disparities in Value Assessment Frameworks.

Background: Cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) compares interventions based on relative value and is an integral part of value assessment. Despite recommendations for economists to consider disparities in CEAs that impact health-care resource allocation decisions, the perception held by stakeholders is that value assessment frameworks are inconsistent in practice.

Methods: We reviewed value assessment reports produced by a United States (US)-based value assessment organization to identify how patients and caregiver input may contribute to how the organization considers health disparities.

Impact of manufacturer-initiated list price reduction on patient out-of-pocket costs for inhibitors.

Background: Because of concerns of cost-effectiveness and low utilization, in 2018, manufacturers initiated a 60% price reduction for inhibitors, reducing the list price from more than $14,000 to $5,850. The goal of the reduction was to increase access and lower patient cost sharing for inhibitors.

Objective: To determine whether list price reductions resulted in a statistically significant decrease in patient cost sharing for inhibitors.

Impact of the US Food and Drug Administration warning regarding increased risk of aortic aneurysms or aortic dissections on fluoroquinolone prescribing trends.

Background: The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a warning in December 2018 regarding an increased risk of aortic aneurysms and aortic dissections associated with fluoroquinolone (FQ) use. This warning specifically targeted older adults and patients with conditions such as hypertension, Marfan syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, atherosclerosis, peripheral vascular disease and history of aneurysms.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of the safety warning on prescribing trends of FQs in the targeted population.

A review of caregiver costs included in cost-of-illness studies.

Introduction: Economic evaluations typically focus solely on patient-specific costs with economic spillovers to informal caregivers less frequently evaluated. This may systematically underestimate the burden resulting from disease.

Areas Covered: Cost-of-illness (COI) analyses that identified costs borne to caregiver(s) were identified using PubMed and Embase.

60 Years after Kefauver: Household income required to buy prescription drugs in the United States and abroad.

Background: Assessing drug prices relative to income in the US compared to other Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) countries provides context for policymakers seeking to improve access and affordability.

Methods: Using current drug p. rice and income data, we recreate a historical analysis presented in 1960 to the Senate Subcommittee on Antitrust and Monopoly led by Sen.