Plasma 21-deoxycortisone: a sensitive additive tool in 21-hydroxylase deficiency in newborns.

Objective, Design, And Methods: Although 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) has historically been the steroid assayed in the diagnosis of congenital adrenal 21-hydroxylase deficiency (CAH-21D), its C11-hydroxylated metabolite, 21-deoxycortisol (21DF), which is strictly of adrenal origin, is assayed in parallel in this pathology. This steroid (21DF) is oxidized by 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 into 21-deoxycortisone (21DE). In the context of CAH-21D confirmation testing, confounding factors (such as intensive care unit admission, stress, prematurity, early sampling, and variations of sex development) can interfere with the interpretation of the gold-standard biomarkers (17OHP and 21DF).

Membrane Lipids in Ultra-High-Risk Patients: Potential Predictive Biomarkers of Conversion to Psychosis.

Alterations in membrane lipids are reported in schizophrenia. However, no conclusion can be drawn regarding the extended and predictive value of these alterations in persons at ultra-high risk of psychosis (UHR). Recent studies suggested that sterols' impact on psychiatric disorders was underestimated.

Comparing Transgenic Production to Supplementation of ω-3 PUFA Reveals Distinct But Overlapping Mechanisms Underlying Protection Against Metabolic and Hepatic Disorders.

We compared endogenous ω-3 PUFA production to supplementation for improving obesity-related metabolic dysfunction. Fat-1 transgenic mice, who endogenously convert exogenous ω-6 to ω-3 PUFA, and wild-type littermates were fed a high-fat diet and a daily dose of either ω-3 or ω-6 PUFA-rich oil for 12 wk. The endogenous ω-3 PUFA production improved glucose intolerance and insulin resistance but not hepatic steatosis.

Combining metabolomics and machine learning models as a tool to distinguish non-classic 21-hydroxylase deficiency from polycystic ovary syndrome without adrenocorticotropic hormone testing.

Study Question: Can a combination of metabolomic signature and machine learning (ML) models distinguish nonclassic 21-hydroxylase deficiency (NC21OHD) from polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) without adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) testing?

Summary Answer: A single sampling methodology may be an alternative to the dynamic ACTH test in order to exclude the diagnosis of NC21OHD in the presence of a clinical hyperandrogenic presentation at any time of the menstrual cycle.

What Is Known Already: The clinical presentation of patients with NC21OHD is similar with that for other disorders of androgen excess. Currently, cosyntropin stimulation remains the gold standard diagnosis of NC21OHD.

Identification of bronchoalveolar and blood immune-inflammatory biomarker signature associated with poor 28-day outcome in critically ill COVID-19 patients.

The local immune-inflammatory response elicited by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is still poorly described, as well as the extent to which its characteristics may be associated with the outcome of critical Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this prospective monocenter study, all consecutive COVID-19 critically ill patients admitted from February to December 2020 and explored by fiberoptic bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were included. Biological assays, including digital ELISA cytokine profiling and targeted eicosanoid metabolomic analysis, were performed on paired blood and BAL fluid (BALF).

The Goto-Kakizaki rat is a spontaneous prototypical rodent model of polycystic ovary syndrome.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by an oligo-anovulation, hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovarian morphology combined with major metabolic disturbances. However, despite the high prevalence and the human and economic consequences of this syndrome, its etiology remains unknown. In this study, we show that female Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats, a type 2 diabetes mellitus model, encapsulate naturally all the reproductive and metabolic hallmarks of lean women with PCOS at puberty and in adulthood.

Lysosomal Acid Lipase Drives Adipocyte Cholesterol Homeostasis and Modulates Lipid Storage in Obesity, Independent of Autophagy.

Besides cytoplasmic lipase-dependent adipocyte fat mobilization, the metabolic role of lysosomal acid lipase (LAL), highly expressed in adipocytes, is unclear. We show that the isolated adipocyte fraction, but not the total undigested adipose tissue (ATs), from obese patients has decreased LAL expression compared with that from nonobese people. Lentiviral-mediated LAL knockdown in the 3T3L1 mouse cell line to mimic the obese adipocytes condition did not affect lysosome density or autophagic flux, but it did increase triglyceride storage and disrupt endoplasmic reticulum cholesterol, as indicated by activated SREBP.

Fat gain differs by sex and hormonal status in persons living with suppressed HIV switched to raltegravir/etravirine.

: Fat gain is reported in integrase strand transfer inhibitors exposed persons living with HIV. We investigated in 165 persons living with HIV (117 men/48 women), included in the 96-week ANRS-163-ETRAL trial and switched to raltegravir/etravirine, the impact of sex, menopausal status and ovarian reserve (detectable anti-Müllerian hormone). From baseline to 48/96 weeks, women with ovarian reserve were protected from raltegravir/etravirine-induced weight/fat gain and associated insulin-resistance while peri/postmenopausal women increased weight, fat and insulin resistance as did men.

The deficit of lipid in cultured cells contrasted with clinical lipidomics.

Cells grown in culture are frequently employed to model lipid metabolism in vivo. There are reasons of convenience for this but examination of the lipidome of cultured cells and their metabolic responses to lipid supplementation give cause to indicate disparity with their counterparts in living animals. The reason is mainly that homeostatic regulation is exercised in animals supplied with an adequate diet in which the adipose tissue and liver represent plentiful sources of lipid integrated via inter-organ collaboration and able to buffer transient fluctuations in dietary lipid and essential fatty acids (EFAs).

Bile acid profiling in human biological samples: comparison of extraction procedures and application to normal and cholestatic patients.

The role of bile acids in cell metabolism, membrane biology and cell signaling is increasingly recognized, thus making necessary a robust and versatile technique to extract, separate and quantify a large concentration range of these numerous molecular species. HPLC-MS/MS analysis provides the highest sensitivity to detect and identify bile acids. However, due to their large chemical diversity, extraction methods are critical and quite difficult to optimize, as shown by a survey of the literature.