Severe infections in children: Case reports and management of positive Panton-Valentine leucocidin cases.

Background: is a well-known bacterium associated with carriage and responsible for different types of infections. The Panton-Valentine leucocidin () is a key virulence factor causing tissue necrosis. can, however, be present in both benign and life-threatening infections.

Hyperoxaluria: An early diagnosis will allow a timely combined renal and liver transplantations to avoid irreversible damages to all other organs.

A 4-month-old patient was admitted to the emergency room for vomiting, weight gain, food refusal and hypertension. Blood gases showed a metabolic acidosis with increased anion gap. Laboratory finding revealed severe renal failure (creatinine 8 mg/dL).

Acute Bronchiolitis: Why Put an IV Line?

Background: Acute bronchiolitis is the most frequent cause of respiratory distress in pediatric emergency medicine. The risk of respiratory failure is frequently over evaluated, and results in systematic vascular access.

Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study in children under 18 months of age hospitalized for bronchiolitis.

Creatinine correction to account for fluid overload in children with acute respiratory distress syndrome treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: an initial exploratory report.

Background: Creatinine is distributed between the intracellular and extracellular compartments, and as a result, the measurement of its concentration is strongly related to the fluid status of the patient. An interest has been shown in correcting measured serum creatinine levels according to the fluid balance in order to better specify the degree of acute kidney injury (AKI).

Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study of 33 children, aged 0 to 5 years, admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit for acute respiratory distress syndrome treated by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

[Paediatric Life Support].

The European Resuscitation Council (ERC) Paediatric Life Support (PLS) guidelines are based on the 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Science with Treatment Recommendations of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR). This section provides guidelines on the management of critically ill or injured infants, children and adolescents before, during and after respiratory/cardiac arrest.

Impact of CRRT in Patients with PARDS Treated with VV-ECMO.

Unlabelled: The high mortality of pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS) is partly related to fluid overload. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is used to treat pediatric patients with severe PARDS, but can result in acute kidney injury (AKI) and worsening fluid overload. The objective of this study was to determine whether the addition of CRRT to ECMO in patients with PARDS is associated with increased mortality.

European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2021: Paediatric Life Support.

These European Resuscitation Council Paediatric Life Support (PLS) guidelines, are based on the 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Science with Treatment Recommendations. This section provides guidelines on the management of critically ill infants and children, before, during and after cardiac arrest.

Central Sleep Apnea Syndrome Can Complicate Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder: A Case Report.

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder is a rare, relapsing autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. Various initial presentations can delay diagnosis and treatment. A 14-year-old girl was admitted to the emergency department owing to respiratory insufficiency.

Is a semi-elemental diet better than a polymeric diet after congenital heart surgery?

A retrospective observational study has been set up in order to compare feeding tolerance and energy delivery in children fed with a semi-elemental diet or a polymeric diet after congenital heart surgery. The study took place in the intensive care unit of a tertiary children's hospital. One hundred children were included: 56 received a semi-elemental diet and 44 received a polymeric diet.

Unknown Use of End-tidal CO in Metabolic Emergencies in Pediatric Patients.

The authors describe two cases of metabolic acidosis, caused by diabetic ketoacidosis in the first case and by dehydration following gastroenteritis in the second one. Both patients were followed with noninvasive end-tidal CO (ETCO) monitoring. A correlation between EtCO and PCO and HCO has been established in the literature.

Shoshin Beriberi and Severe Accidental Hypothermia as Causes of Heart Failure in a 6-Year-Old Child: A Case Report and Brief Review of Literature.

Severe accidental hypothermia has been demonstrated to affect ventricular systolic and diastolic functions, and rewarming might be responsible of cardiovascular collapse. Until now, there have been only a few reports on severe accidental hypothermia, none of which involved children. Herein, we describe here a rare case of heart failure in a 6-year-old boy admitted to the emergency unit owing to severe hypothermia and malnutrition.

Impact of a VAP bundle in Belgian intensive care units.

Background: In order to decrease the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in Belgium, a national campaign for implementing a VAP bundle involving assessment of sedation, cuff pressure control, oral care with chlorhexidine and semirecumbent position, was launched in 2011-2012. This report will document the impact of this campaign.

Methods: On 1 day, once a year from 2010 till 2016, except in 2012, Belgian ICUs were questioned about their ventilated patients.

Pulmonary valve replacement after right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction with homograft vs Contegra®: a case control comparison of mortality and morbidity.

Background: Repair of congenital heart defects involving the right ventricular outflow tract may require the implantation of a right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit. This conduit is likely to be replaced during childhood. This study compares the operative outcomes of the replacement procedure of Contegra® and homografts in pulmonary position.

[Current international recommendations for pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation: the European guidelines].

This summary of the European guidelines for pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) emphasizes the main changes and encourages health care professionals to keep their pediatric CPR knowledge and skills up to date. Basic and advanced pediatric CPR follow the same algorithm in the 2015 guidelines. The main changes affect the prevention of cardiac arrest and the use of fluids.

Comprehensive management of congenital choanal atresia.

Objectives: To present results of a one-stage minimally invasive surgical procedure for congenital choanal atresia (CCA). Seven outcome measures were applied.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective study conducted between 1999 and 2015.

Impact of vancomycin protein binding on target attainment in critically ill children: back to the drawing board?

Objectives: The objectives of this observational study were to investigate plasma protein binding and to evaluate target attainment rates of vancomycin therapy in critically ill children.

Patients And Methods: Paediatric ICU patients, in whom intravenous intermittent dosing (ID) or continuous dosing (CD) with vancomycin was indicated, were included. Covariates on unbound vancomycin fraction and concentration were tested using a linear mixed model analysis and attainment of currently used pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) targets was evaluated.

Sex Differences in Inflammatory Response and Acid-Base Balance in Prepubertal Children with Severe Sepsis.

Purpose And Methods: The severity and prognosis of various acute inflammatory conditions, such as sepsis, differ between males and females. The mechanisms underlying these sex differences probably involve both hormonal and genetic factors. In order to evaluate a possible genetic influence, we reviewed clinical signs and biological inflammatory markers of prepubertal children with severe sepsis admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).

Managing Ventricular Septal Defect with Associated Aortic Regurgitation: Two Decades of Experience.

Background And Aim Of The Study: Ventricular septal defect (VSD) with aortic regurgitation (AR) is a well-known association. However, there is still no agreement about its management, particularly regarding the technical details of its operative treatment. The study aim was to describe all components of the syndrome and to evaluate the various techniques used with regards to its anatomical and functional features.