Genome-wide association mapping in elite winter wheat breeding for yield improvement.

Increased grain yield (GY) is the primary breeding target of wheat breeders. We performed the genome-wide association study (GWAS) on 168 elite winter wheat lines from an ongoing breeding program to identify the main determinants of grain yield. Sequencing of Diversity Array Technology fragments (DArTseq) resulted in 19,350 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and presence-absence variation (PAV) markers.

Remodeling of chloroplast proteome under salinity affects salt tolerance of Festuca arundinacea.

Acclimation of photosynthetic apparatus to variable environmental conditions is an important component of tolerance to dehydration stresses, including salinity. The present study deals with the research on alterations in chloroplast proteome of the forage grasses. Based on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, two genotypes of a model grass species-Festuca arundinacea with distinct levels of salinity tolerance: low salt tolerant (LST) and high salt tolerant (HST), were selected.

Grain quality characteristics and dough rheological properties in Langdon durum-wild emmer wheat chromosome substitution lines under nitrogen and water deficits.

Background: Wild emmer wheat could serve as a source of novel variation in grain quality and stress resistance for wheat breeding. A set of Triticum durum-T. dicoccoides chromosome substitution lines [LDN(DIC)] and the parental recipient cv.

Water- and nitrogen-dependent alterations in the inheritance mode of transpiration efficiency in winter wheat at the leaf and whole-plant level.

The effects of contrasting water and nitrogen (N) supply on the observed inheritance mode of transpiration efficiency (TE) at the flag-leaf and whole-season levels were examined in winter wheat. Major components of the photosynthetic capacity of leaves and the season-integrated efficiency of water use in vegetative and grain mass formation were evaluated in parental lines of various origins and their diallel F(2)-hybrids grown in a factorial experiment under different moisture and N status of the soil. A broad genetic variation was mainly found for the season-long TE measures.

Efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus utilization in progenies of factorial crosses between European and exotic cultivars of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.).

Previous observations suggested that some landraces, primitive cultivars and other barleys originating from the harsh conditions of the Middle East, North Africa and Tibet might serve as interesting sources of adaptation to low-input agriculture. This opportunity was verified in field experiments performed under reduced rates of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilization. Genetic variation in major components of the efficiency of N and P utilization was examined among F2 and F3 generations of crosses between four European female and seven exotic male lines of spring barley.