Comparison of Different Pulse Modulation Modes for Holmium:Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet Laser Lithotripsy Ablation in a Benchtop Model.

Manipulation of Holmium:Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet laser parameters such as pulse energy (PE), frequency, and duration can impact laser lithotripsy ablation efficiency. In 2017, Lumenis introduced Moses™ Technology, which uses pulse modulation to enhance the delivery of energy from fiber to stone as well as to minimize stone retropulsion. Since the introduction of Moses Technology, other companies have brought additional pulse modulation concepts to market.