Integrating carbon emission, accumulation and transport in inland waters to understand their role in the global carbon cycle.

Inland waters receive a significant quantity of carbon (C) from land. The fate of this C during transit, whether it is emitted to the atmosphere, accumulated in sediments or transported to the ocean, can considerably reshape the landscape C balance. However, these different fates of terrestrial C are not independent but are instead linked via several catchment and aquatic processes.

Efficiency of crustacean zooplankton in transferring allochthonous carbon in a boreal lake.

Increased incorporation of terrestrial organic matter (t-OM) into consumer biomass (allochthony) is believed to reduce growth capacity. In this study, we examined the relationship between crustacean zooplankton allochthony and production in a boreal lake that displays strong seasonal variability in t-OM inputs. Contrary to our hypotheses, we found no effect of allochthony on production at the community and the species levels.

Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Freshwater Reservoirs: What Does the Atmosphere See?

Freshwater reservoirs are a known source of greenhouse gas (GHG) to the atmosphere, but their quantitative significance is still only loosely con- strained. Although part of this uncertainty can be attributed to the difficulties in measuring highly variable fluxes, it is also the result of a lack of a clear accounting methodology, particularly about what constitutes new emissions and potential new sinks. In this paper, we review the main processes involved in the generation of GHG in reservoir systems and propose a simple approach to quantify the reservoir GHG footprint in terms of the net changes in GHG fluxes to the atmosphere induced by damming, that is, 'what the atmosphere sees.

The phantom midge menace: Migratory Chaoborus larvae maintain poor ecosystem state in eutrophic inland waters.

Chaoborus spp. (phantom midge) are prevalent in eutrophic inland waters. In Lake Soppen, Switzerland, C.

Ecosystem effects of a tropical cyclone on a network of lakes in northeastern North America.

Here we document the regional effects of Tropical Cyclone Irene on thermal structure and ecosystem metabolism in nine lakes and reservoirs in northeastern North America using a network of high-frequency, in situ, automated sensors. Thermal stability declined within hours in all systems following passage of Irene, and the magnitude of change was related to the volume of water falling on the lake and catchment relative to lake volume. Across systems, temperature change predicted the change in primary production, but changes in mixed-layer thickness did not affect metabolism.

Assessment of self-efficacy for caregiving: the critical role of self-care in caregiver stress and burden.

Objective: Little attention has been given to assessing the importance of self-care and communication in the caregiving setting, especially caregiving for those who are terminally ill. The Caregiver Inventory (CGI), a measure of self-efficacy for caregiving that includes these two dimensions, was subjected to psychometric analyses.

Method: One hundred and thirty-three primary caregivers completed the CGI; of those, 81 also completed the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI), and a measure of caregiver tasks (ADLR-CG).

Clinical inquiries: How should you manage a depressed patient unresponsive to an SSRI?

The best approach among studied alternatives to manage a patient with treatment-resistant depression is not clear from the evidence. All of the options reviewed seem to have about a 25% to 30% success rate. Switching to other antidepressants or augmenting with non-antidepressant drugs has the best supporting evidence (strength of recommendation [SOR]: B).

Differential allele-specific accumulation of bovine kappa-casein mRNA throughout lactation.

A differential allele-specific accumulation of kappa-casein mRNA that is not linked to the kappa-casein protein variants is described in Holstein cows. Actually, cows genotyped kappa-casein AB were a mixed population. For the first group of kappa-casein AB cows, allele A-specific kappa-casein mRNA contents within mammary epithelial cells were lower than the allele B-specific ones (cows LH), suggesting that the allele A-specific kappa-casein gene was expressed with lower efficiency in mRNA.