Triptycene-like naphthopleiadene as a readily accessible scaffold for supramolecular and materials chemistry.

Triptycene derivatives are used extensively in supramolecular and materials chemistry, however, most are prepared using a multi-step synthesis involving the generation of a benzyne intermediate, which hinders production on a large scale. Inspired by the ease of the synthesis of resorcinarenes, we report the rapid and efficient preparation of triptycene-like 1,6,2',7'-tetrahydroxynaphthopleiadene directly from 2,7-dihydroxynaphthalene and phthalaldehyde. Structural characterisation confirms the novel bridged bicyclic framework, within which the planes of the single benzene ring and two naphthalene units are fixed at an angle of ∼120° relative to each other.

Management and outcomes of myocardial infarction in people with impaired kidney function in England.

Background: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) causes significant mortality and morbidity in people with impaired kidney function. Previous observational research has demonstrated reduced use of invasive management strategies and inferior outcomes in this population. Studies from the USA have suggested that disparities in care have reduced over time.

An introduction to realist evaluation and synthesis for kidney research.

Realist research describes a methodological approach that aims to explore how and why interventions work, for whom, and under what circumstances. Rather than quantifying how well an intervention works under specific conditions, realist theory explores the function of interventions in detail and specifically considers how the contexts in which interventional components are delivered influence the mechanisms that lead to outcomes. Realist methods can be applied to primary data (realist evaluation) or secondary data (realist synthesis).

Complex Interventions Across Primary and Secondary Care to Optimize Population Kidney Health: A Systematic Review and Realist Synthesis to Understand Contexts, Mechanisms, and Outcomes.

Background: CKD affects 850 million people worldwide and is associated with high risk of kidney failure and death. Existing, evidence-based treatments are not implemented in at least a third of eligible patients, and there is socioeconomic inequity in access to care. While interventions aiming to improve delivery of evidence-based care exist, these are often complex, with intervention mechanisms acting and interacting in specific contexts to achieve desired outcomes.

Regioselective electrophilic aromatic borylation as a method for synthesising sterically hindered benzothiadiazole fluorophores.

Regioselective stepwise phenylation of 4,7-diarylbenzo[][1,2,5]thiadiazole fluorophores has been achieved through a facile one-pot, three-step synthetic strategy involving sequential borylation, hydroxydechlorination and Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions. Crucial to the selectivity was the use of BCl to regioselectively install a boronic acid group in the -position of only one of the diaryl groups. The subsequent introduction of -phenyl groups through Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling gave rise to twisted structures with hindered intramolecular rotation, providing a structural lever with which the fluorophore absorption and emission properties could be adjusted.

Persistent renal replacement requirement following fulminant psittacosis infection in pregnancy.

is a zoonotic bacterial infection that most commonly causes mild flu-like symptoms in humans. However, in pregnancy, it can present as fulminant psittacosis associated with systemic illness, disseminated intravascular coagulation, renal and hepatic failure. We describe a case of a veterinary nurse in her 30s who presented at 32 weeks' gestation with rapidly progressive multiorgan failure, with positive, serology.

Superprotonic conduction of intrinsically zwitterionic microporous polymers based on easy-to-make squaraine, croconaine and rhodizaine dyes.

Porous organic polymers (POPs) have been prepared a novel metal free polycondensation between a tritopic indole-based monomer and squaric, croconic and rhodizonic acids. Each of the three POPs exhibited high BET surface areas (331-667 m g) and zwitterionic structures. Impedance measurements revealed that the intrinsic POPs were relatively weak proton conductors, with a positive correlation between the density of oxo-groups and the proton conduction.

Propensity Score and Instrumental Variable Techniques in Observational Transplantation Studies: An Overview and Worked Example Relating to Pre-Transplant Cardiac Screening.

Inferring causality from observational studies is difficult due to inherent differences in patient characteristics between treated and untreated groups. The randomised controlled trial is the gold standard study design as the random allocation of individuals to treatment and control arms should result in an equal distribution of known and unknown prognostic factors at baseline. However, it is not always ethically or practically possible to perform such a study in the field of transplantation.

Impact of chronic kidney disease on case ascertainment for hospitalised acute myocardial infarction: an English cohort study.

Objectives: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) case ascertainment improves for the UK general population using linked health data sets. Because care pathways for people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) change based on disease severity, AMI case ascertainment for these people may differ compared with the general population. We aimed to determine the association between CKD severity and AMI case ascertainment in two secondary care data sets, and the agreement in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) between the same data sets.

Ethical Duties of Nephrologists: When Patients Are Nonadherent to Treatment.

When providing care, nephrologists are subject to various ethical duties. Beyond the Hippocratic notion of doing no harm, nephrologists also have duties to respect their patients' autonomy and dignity, to meet their patients' care goals in the least invasive way, to act impartially, and, ultimately, to do what is (clinically) beneficial for their patients. Juggling these often-conflicting duties can be challenging at the best of times, but can prove especially difficult when patients are not fully adherent to treatment.

Preoperative planning of total knee arthroplasty: reliability of axial alignment using a three-dimensional planning approach.

Background: Preoperative templating of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) can nowadays be performed three-dimensionally with software solutions using computed tomography (CT) datasets. Currently there is no consensus concerning the axial orientation of TKA components in three-dimensional (3D) planning.

Purpose: To assess intra-/inter-observer reliability of detection of different bony landmarks in planning axial component alignment using axial CT images and 3D reconstructions.

Femoral Stem Fracture in Hip Revision Arthroplasty: A Systematic Literature Review of the Real-World Evidence.

Background: Total hip arthroplasty (THA) presents as an excellent treatment for the osteoarthritic hip, demonstrating good survival rates. However, aseptic loosening and infection are the main causes of operative revision. The methods used in revision surgery are non-modular or modular THA implants.

Do routine hospital data accurately record comorbidity in advanced kidney disease populations? A record linkage cohort study.

Background: Routine healthcare datasets capturing clinical and administrative information are increasingly being used to examine health outcomes. The accuracy of such data is not clearly defined. We examine the accuracy of diagnosis recording in individuals with advanced chronic kidney disease using a routine healthcare dataset in England with comparison to information collected by trained research nurses.

A propensity score-matched analysis indicates screening for asymptomatic coronary artery disease does not predict cardiac events in kidney transplant recipients.

Screening for asymptomatic coronary artery disease prior to kidney transplantation aims to reduce peri- and post-operative cardiac events. It is uncertain if this is achieved. Here, we investigated whether pre-transplant screening with a stress test or coronary angiogram associated with any difference in major adverse cardiac events (MACE) up to five years post-transplantation.

Conjugated porous polymers: incredibly versatile materials with far-reaching applications.

Conjugated porous polymers (CPPs) are a class of amorphous polymer networks that are, in their design, fully cross-linked and fully π-conjugated. The cross-linked nature of CPPs means that they have permanent intrinsic porosity (on the nanometer scale), which, in combination with the fully π-conjugated framework, makes these materials unique among the wider class of porous polymeric materials. In recent years, the need for new and efficient functional materials has driven the development of CPPs as versatile platforms for applications including (photo)catalysis, light harvesting, gas separation and storage, chemosensing, environmental remediation and energy storage.

Model-Based Roentgen Stereophotogrammetric Analysis to Monitor the Head-Taper Junction in Total Hip Arthroplasty in Vivo-And They Do Move.

Model-based Roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis (RSA) using elementary geometrical shape (EGS) models allows migration measurement of implants without the necessity of additional attached implant markers. The aims of this study were: () to assess the possibility of measuring potential head-taper movement in THA in vivo using model-based RSA and () to prove the validity of measured head-taper migration data in vitro and in vivo. From a previous RSA study with a 10 years follow-up, retrospectively for = 45 patients head-taper migration was calculated as the relative migration between femoral ball head and taper of the femoral stem using model-based RSA.

Limited health literacy is associated with reduced access to kidney transplantation.

Limited health literacy is common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and has been variably associated with adverse clinical outcomes. The prevalence of limited health literacy is lower in kidney transplant recipients than in individuals starting dialysis, suggesting selection of patients with higher health literacy for transplantation. We investigated the relationship between limited health literacy and clinical outcomes, including access to kidney transplantation, in a prospective UK cohort study of 2,274 incident dialysis patients aged 18-75 years.

Assessing Consensus Between UK Renal Clinicians on Listing for Kidney Transplantation: A Modified Delphi Study.

Background: It is well recognized that there is significant variation between centers in access to kidney transplantation. In the absence of high-grade evidence, it is unclear whether variation is due to patient case mix, other center factors, or individual clinician decisions. This study sought consensus between UK clinicians on factors that should influence access to kidney transplantation.

Intravenous drug users who require dialysis: causes of renal failure and outcomes.

Background: Intravenous drug use is associated with progressive kidney disease of several aetiologies. It is associated with behavioural and lifestyle characteristics that make the provision of renal replacement therapies (RRTs) challenging. We observed that patients who use intravenous drugs [people who inject drugs (PWID)] present late to renal services and struggle to engage with treatment.

Health literacy and patient outcomes in chronic kidney disease: a systematic review.

Background: Limited health literacy affects 25% of people with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and may reduce self-management skills resulting in poorer clinical outcomes. By disproportionately affecting people with low socio-economic status and non-white ethnicity, limited health literacy may promote health inequity.

Methods: We performed a systematic review of quantitative studies of health literacy and clinical outcomes among adults with CKD.