The diabetic foot ulcer.

Background: Diabetic foot ulcers are associated with significant morbidity and mortality and can subsequently lead to hospitalisation and lower limb amputation if not recognised and treated in a timely manner.

Objective: The aim of this article is to review the current evidence for preventing and managing diabetic foot ulcers, with the aim to increase clinicians' confidence in assessing and treating these complex medical presentations.

Discussion: All patients with diabetes should have an annual foot review by a general practitioner or podiatrist.

Results of complex aortic stent grafting of abdominal aortic aneurysms stratified according to the proximal landing zone using the Society for Vascular Surgery classification.

Background: Advances in endovascular technology have led to the successful treatment of complex abdominal aortic aneurysms. However, there is currently no consensus on what constitutes a juxtarenal, pararenal, or suprarenal aneurysm. There is emerging evidence that the extent of the aneurysm repair is associated with outcome.

Techniques for removing bilateral renal artery stents prior to fenestrated endovascular aneurysm repair.

Purpose: To demonstrate 2 endovascular methods for successful intravascular stent extraction.

Technique: In preparation for fenestrated endovascular aneurysm repair, renal artery stents may be implanted for focal vessel stenosis at the ostium. In a recent case, bilateral renal artery stents were deployed with >50% protruding into the aortic lumen, thus rendering fenestrated endografting impossible.

Early diagnosis and resection of an asymptomatic leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava prior to caval obstruction.

Leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava is a rare and aggressive tumor, characterized by a slow growth and usually late diagnosis. The mainstay of therapy is surgical resection with limited role for chemotherapy or radiotherapy; resection modalities and the need for caval reconstruction are still matters of debate. In this case report, we describe an asymptomatic intraluminal leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava diagnosed incidentally prior to caval occlusion during a routine ultrasound examination of the upper abdomen.

Placement of a branched stent graft into the false lumen of a chronic type B aortic dissection.

The treatment of chronic type B aortic dissections remains challenging and controversial. Currently most centers advocate open or endovascular intervention for patients with evidence of malperfusion, rupture or impending rupture, continued pain, or aneurysm formation. Regardless of the type of intervention, the incidence of complications or death remains high, even when undertaken in an elective setting.