Recent development of oral vaccines (Review).

Oral immunization can elicit an effective immune response and immune tolerance to specific antigens. When compared with the traditional injection route, delivering antigens via the gastrointestinal mucosa offers superior immune effects and compliance, as well as simplicity and convenience, making it a more optimal route for immunization. At present, various oral vaccine delivery systems exist.

Oral Vaccines: A Better Future of Immunization.

Oral vaccines are gaining more attention due to their ease of administration, lower invasiveness, generally greater safety, and lower cost than injectable vaccines. This review introduces certified oral vaccines for adenovirus, recombinant protein-based, and transgenic plant-based oral vaccines, and their mechanisms for inducing an immune response. Procedures for regulatory approval and clinical trials of injectable and oral vaccines are also covered.

Retraction: Sung et al. Expression of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Receptor Binding Domain on Recombinant on Spore Surface: A Potential COVID-19 Oral Vaccine Candidate. 2022, , 2.

The journal retracts the article "Expression of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Receptor Binding Domain on Recombinant on Spore Surface: A Potential COVID-19 Oral Vaccine Candidate"[...

Safety and Immunogenicity of Inactivated Spores as a Heterologous Antibody Booster for COVID-19 Vaccines.

The coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections have threatened the world for more than 2 years. Multiple vaccine candidates have been developed and approved for emergency use by specific markets, but multiple doses are required to maintain the antibody level. Preliminary safety and immunogenicity data about an oral dose vaccine candidate using recombinant in healthy adults were reported previously from an investigator-initiated trial in Hong Kong.

Expression of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Receptor Binding Domain on Recombinant on Spore Surface: A Potential COVID-19 Oral Vaccine Candidate.

Various types of vaccines, such as mRNA, adenovirus, and inactivated virus by injection, have been developed to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection. Although some of them have already been approved under the COVID-19 pandemic, various drawbacks, including severe side effects and the requirement for sub-zero temperature storage, may hinder their applications. () is generally recognized as a safe and endotoxin-free Gram-positive bacterium that has been extensively employed as a host for the expression of recombinant proteins.

The First Approved Gene Therapy Product for Cancer Ad-p53 (Gendicine): 12 Years in the Clinic.

Gendicine (recombinant human p53 adenovirus), developed by Shenzhen SiBiono GeneTech Co. Ltd., was approved in 2003 by the China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA) as a first-in-class gene therapy product to treat head and neck cancer, and entered the commercial market in 2004.

Evaluation of oral immunization with recombinant avian influenza virus HA1 displayed on the Lactococcus lactis surface and combined with the mucosal adjuvant cholera toxin subunit B.

The development of safe and efficient avian influenza vaccines for human and animal uses is essential for preventing virulent outbreaks and pandemics worldwide. In this study, we constructed a recombinant (pgsA-HA1 gene fusion) Lactococcus lactis strain that expresses and displays the avian influenza virus HA1 antigens on its surface. The vectors were administered by oral delivery with or without the addition of cholera toxin subunit B (CTB).

Immunoprotection against influenza H5N1 virus by oral administration of enteric-coated recombinant Lactococcus lactis mini-capsules.

Edible vaccines that can be made widely available and easily administered could bring great benefit to the worldwide battle against pandemic viral infections. They can be used not only for the vaccination of humans and domesticated animals, but also for wild herds and live stock which are otherwise difficult to vaccinate. In this study, we report the development of an edible mini-capsule form of live, non-persisting, recombinant Lactococcus lactis (L.

Profiling microRNAs differentially expressed in rabbit retina.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs, which regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Recent studies indicate that miRNAs may constitute a major mechanism underlying mammal's retinal development. The overall objective of this study is to compare and contrast retinal miRNAs expression between newborn and adult rabbits, and to identify some of the genes possibly associated with retinal development.

Non-mitogenic human acidic fibroblast growth factor reduces retinal degeneration induced by sodium iodate.

Purpose: To investigate the protective effects of non-mitogenic human acidic fibroblast growth factor on retinal degeneration induced by NaIO(3) in rats.

Methods: Retinal degeneration was induced in adult male Wistar rats via caudal-vein injection of 1% NaIO(3) at 50 mg/kg. One h after NaIO(3) treatment, the right eyes received intravitreal injection of 2.