Ruminative and mindful self-focused processing modes and their impact on problem solving in dysphoric individuals.

A mindful experiential rather than an analytical ruminative mode of information processing is beneficial in depression. However studies have not taken into account people's trait mindfulness or trait rumination. This study aimed to examine the effects of state and trait analytical rumination and experiential mindfulness on affect and social problem solving (SPS).

Psychological therapies in bipolar disorder: the effect of illness history on relapse prevention - a systematic review.

Objectives: Despite some encouraging outcomes and shared components of psychological therapies specific to bipolar disorders, not all studies found conclusively that the addition of a psychosocial intervention to pharmacological interventions improves outcomes. There was some tentative evidence from post hoc analyses that patients with more than 12 previous episodes did not benefit from psychoeducation or cognitive therapy. This paper presents a systematic review and meta-analysis which examines the overall efficacy of bipolar disorder-specific psychological therapies and the impact of the number of previous episodes on the efficacy of psychological therapies in relapse prevention.

Cost-effectiveness of relapse-prevention cognitive therapy for bipolar disorder: 30-month study.

Background: We have reported the advantageous clinical outcome of adding cognitive therapy to medication in the prevention of relapse of bipolar disorder.

Aims: This 30-month study compares the cost-effectiveness of cognitive therapy with standard care.

Method: We randomly allocated 103 individuals with bipolar 1 disorder to standard treatment and cognitive therapy plus standard treatment.

Relapse prevention in patients with bipolar disorder: cognitive therapy outcome after 2 years.

Objective: In a previous randomized controlled study, the authors reported significant beneficial effects of cognitive therapy for relapse prevention in bipolar disorder patients up to 1 year. This study reports additional 18-month follow-up data and presents an overview of the effect of therapy over 30 months.

Method: Patients with DSM-IV bipolar I disorder (N=103) suffering from frequent relapses were randomly assigned into a cognitive therapy plus medication group or a control condition of medication only.

A randomized controlled study of cognitive therapy for relapse prevention for bipolar affective disorder: outcome of the first year.

Background: Despite the use of mood stabilizers, a significant proportion of patients with bipolar affective disorder experience frequent relapses. A pilot study of cognitive therapy (CT) specifically designed to prevent relapses for bipolar affective disorder showed encouraging results when used in conjunction with mood stabilizers. This article reports the outcome of a randomized controlled study of CT to help prevent relapses and promote social functioning.