CADASIL and multiple sclerosis: A case report of prolonged misdiagnosis.

CADASIL is Cerebral Autosomal-Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy [corrected]. (CADASIL) is sometimes misdiagnosed as multiple sclerosis (MS). MS and CADASIL are not known to co-occur and brain magnetic resonance imagining (MRI) findings can help with differential diagnosis.

But the Scores Don't Show How I Really Function: A Feedback Method to Reveal Cognitive Distortions Regarding Normal Neuropsychological Test Performance.

Neuropsychologists commonly provide feedback to patients with a high degree of cognitive complaints in the context of normal neuropsychological test performance. Patients are sometimes not reassured by this feedback because they blame external factors (e.g.

Assessment of response bias in neurocognitive evaluations.

Background: In clinical neuropsychological practice, assessment of response validity (e.g., effort, over-reporting, under-reporting) is an essential component of the assessment process.

Dementia does not preclude very reliable responding on the MMPI-2 RF: a case report.

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) family of personality tests has long been used by psychologists, in part because it provides extensive information on the validity of patient responses. Although much of the research on MMPI validity indicators has focused on over-reporting or under-reporting symptoms, the consistency (i.e.

Word memory test profiles in two cases with surgical removal of the left anterior hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus.

One principle underlying the use of the Word Memory Test (WMT) as an effort test is that with good effort, recognition scores above the cutoffs will be observed. However, to understand the limits of effort testing, it is necessary to study people known to have severe impairment and significant neuropathology involving memory structures. Goodrich-Hunsaker and Hopkins ( 2009 ) reported that three amnesic patients with bilateral hippocampal damage had severely impaired free recall of the WMT word list but passed the recognition subtests of the WMT, which are often called effort subtests.

Assessment of effort in children: a systematic review.

The assessment of response validity is now considered an important and necessary component of neuropsychological evaluations. One way for assessing response validity is with performance validity tests (PVTs), which measure the degree of effort applied to testing to achieve optimal performance. Numerous studies have shown that normal and neurologically impaired children are capable of passing certain free-standing PVTs using adult cutoffs.

Young child with severe brain volume loss easily passes the word memory test and medical symptom validity test: implications for mild TBI.

The Word Memory Test (WMT) and Medical Symptom Validity Test (MSVT) are two commonly used free-standing measures of test-taking effort. The use of any test as a measure of effort is enhanced when evidence shows that it can be easily passed by patients with severe neurological conditions. The opportunity arose to administer the WMT and MSVT to a 9-year-old girl (referred to as CJ) with severe congenital bilateral brain tissue loss (shown via a compelling brain MRI image), chronic epilepsy, an extremely low Full Scale IQ, extremely low adaptive functioning, developmental delays, numerous severe cognitive impairments, and treatment with multiple high-dose benzodiazepines.

A model to approaching and providing feedback to patients regarding invalid test performance in clinical neuropsychological evaluations.

The use of symptom validity assessment has become commonplace in clinical neuropsychological evaluations. However, clinicians often struggle with how to provide patients with feedback regarding invalid responding or effort, because of the sensitive nature of the information that must be conveyed. A conceptual framework for providing such feedback is outlined in clinical neuropsychological evaluations, and recommendations for how to handle complaints are offered.

Regionally distinct white matter lesions do not contribute to regional gray matter atrophy in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Purpose: To determine to what extent T1- and T2-regional lesion volumes (RLVs) contribute to total and/or regional gray matter (GM) atrophy in multiple sclerosis (MS).

Methods: We studied 110 (67 relapsing-remitting and 43 secondary-progressive) MS patients. SABRE program was used to parcel the brain into 13 regions per hemisphere.

Children with moderate/severe brain damage/dysfunction outperform adults with mild-to-no brain damage on the Medical Symptom Validity Test.

Primary Objective: This study sought independent confirmation that the English computerized Medical Symptom Validity Test can be easily passed by children with moderate-to-severe brain injury/dysfunction (e.g. traumatic brain injury, stroke) and/or developmental disabilities.

Regional specificity of magnetization transfer imaging in multiple sclerosis.

Background: The goal of this study was to develop and validate a method for generation of regional magnetization transfer ratio (MTR). We also studied the topography of MTR changes in multiple sclerosis (MS) and in normal controls (NC), and preliminarily examined the clinical usefulness of this method.

Methods: We examined 45 patients with MS (relapsing remitting [RR] = 28 and secondary progressive[SP] = 17] and 19 NC.

Progressive cerebral disease in lymphomatoid granulomatosis causes anterograde amnesia and neuropsychiatric disorder.

The authors report neuropsychological (NP) and serial quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of a 29-year-old woman with lymphomatoid granulomatosis (LG). Disease course was characterized by acute psychosis, tremor, fever, seizures, and progressive cognitive impairment. At the time of symptom onset, brain MRI revealed mild lesion volume and normal parenchymal volume.

Regional lobar atrophy predicts memory impairment in multiple sclerosis.

Background And Purpose: In recent studies, measures of whole brain atrophy were strongly correlated with neuropsychological testing, explaining more variance than measures of lesion burden in patients with multiple sclerosis. The relationship between regional lobar atrophy and cognitive impairment is yet to be examined. We endeavored to assess the clinical significance of regional lobar atrophy in multiple sclerosis.

Correlating brain atrophy with cognitive dysfunction, mood disturbances, and personality disorder in multiple sclerosis.

Neuropsychological impairment is a common feature of multiple sclerosis. Affected patients often have deficits in information-processing speed and memory and exhibit psychopathological states such as depression. A minority of patients have rarer affect/mood disorders such as euphoria sclerotica and pathological laughter/crying.