Prevalence of Leber hereditary optic neuropathy in the Community of Madrid (Spain), estimation with a capture-recapture method.

Background: Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) typically presents in young adults as bilateral painless subacute visual loss. Prevalence data are scarce. The aim of this study was to examine the validity of different ascertainment sources used in population-based rare diseases registries to detect cases, and to explore the impact of a capture-recapture method in the estimation of the prevalence of LHON in the Autonomous Community of Madrid (ACM) in 2022.

Utilisation of primary healthcare services by Sjögren's syndrome patients in the Community of Madrid and associated factors: a population-based cross-sectional study.

Objectives: To describe the utilisation of primary health care (PHC) services and factors associated with its use by patients diagnosed with Sjögren's syndrome (SS).

Methods: Population-based cross-sectional cohort of SS patients in Madrid, Spain (SIERMA). Sociodemographic, diagnostic, clinical and PHC service utilisation variables were studied by bivariate analyses and regression models.

Socioeconomic Inequalities in Small-for-Gestational-Age Births Before and During the Economic Crisis: An Ecologic Study of Trends in 13 Spanish Cities.

Economic recessions can increase socioeconomic inequalities in health. The objective of this study was to analyze socioeconomic inequalities in small-for-gestational-age (SGA) births before and during the Spanish economic crisis. We conducted an ecological study of trends based on 2 periods before the crisis (1999-2003 and 2004-2008) and another during the crisis (2009-2013).

[Deprivation index by enumeration district in Spain, 2011].

Objective: To present the methodology used in the design and implementation of a deprivation index by enumeration district, and to describe the socioeconomic situation of Spain in 2011.

Method: The unit of analysis was the enumeration district (N=35,960). Data came from the 2011 Population and Housing Census of Spain.

Bayesian smoothed small-areas analysis of urban inequalities in fertility across 1999-2013.

Background: Since the 2008 economic crisis in Spain, overall fertility has continued to decrease, while urban inequalities have increased. There is a general lack of studies of fertility patterns in small-areas of Spanish cities. We explored the effects of the economic crisis on fertility during three time periods in urban settings in Spain.

Decline in fertility induced by economic recession in Spain.

Objective: To describe trends in fertility in Spain before (pre-recession; 1998-2008) and during (recession period; 2009-2013) the economic crisis of 2008, taking into account women's age and regional unemployment in 2010.

Method: The study consisted of a panel design including cross-sectional ecological data for the 17 regions of Spain. We describe fertility trends in Spain in two time periods, pre-recession (1998-2008) and recession (2009-2013).

Effect of mobile phone text messaging for improving the uptake of influenza vaccination in patients with rare diseases.

Objectives: Influenza vaccine is recommended in some chronic medical conditions, including several rare diseases. The objectives of the study were to assess the effect of text message reminders on influenza vaccination uptake of patients with selected rare diseases and delayed vaccination, and to describe their characteristics.

Methods: Quasi-experimental pre-post intervention study performed along the 2016 influenza vaccination campaign in the Autonomous Community of Madrid.

Lifestyle interventions for cancer prevention in primary care: Differences between family physicians and nursing professionals.

Rationale, Aims, And Objectives: Prevention offers the most cost-effective long-term strategy for cancer control. The objective of this study was to ascertain opinions, attitudes, and professional practices towards cancer prevention among primary care professionals and to assess differences between family physicians (FP) and nursing professionals (NP).

Method: A cross-sectional study was performed in 2012 in the Community of Madrid.

Coverage and predictors of influenza vaccination in patients with cystic fibrosis in a campaign with a mobile phone text messaging intervention.

Annual influenza vaccination is considered the best protection against influenza infection. We analyzed the influenza vaccine coverage (IVC) in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and evaluated the factors associated with the IVC, including the effect of text-message/SMS reminders. We performed a cross-sectional study in the Community of Madrid (Spain) in 2015.

Request for HIV serology in primary care: A survey of medical and nursing professionals.

Introduction: In the Community of Madrid there is 42.7% late HIV diagnosis. Primary care is the gateway to the health system and the frequency of serological tests requested by these professionals is unknown.

A feasibility study for 3 strategies promoting HIV testing in primary health care in Madrid, Spain (ESTVIH project).

Rationale And Objectives: Late diagnosis of HIV infection is a public health problem. Framed by the international guidelines for improving HIV testing, in 2014, the Spanish Ministry of Health published a guide of recommendations to promote early diagnosis of HIV in health care settings. In the Community of Madrid, in order to implement these recommendations, we defined 3 new HIV testing strategies in primary health care.

Main causes of hospitalization in people with Angelman syndrome.

Background: The objective was to describe the main causes of hospitalization in people with Angelman syndrome (AS).

Method: Population-based cross-sectional study in the Community of Madrid (CM), Spain. The information source for AS cases was the information system for rare diseases in the CM.

Diabetes mellitus mortality in Spanish cities: Trends and geographical inequalities.

Aim: To analyze the geographical pattern of diabetes mellitus (DM) mortality and its association with socioeconomic factors in 26 Spanish cities.

Methods: We conducted an ecological study of DM mortality trends with two cross-sectional cuts (1996-2001; 2002-2007) using census tract (CT) as the unit of analysis. Smoothed standardized mortality rates (sSMR) were calculated using Bayesian models, and a socioeconomic deprivation score was calculated for each CT.

Injuries Among Immigrants Treated in Primary Care in Madrid, Spain.

This study compared the injury incidence rates by sex in adult immigrant and native population attended in primary care in the Community of Madrid, Spain. Cross-sectional study of injuries registered in the primary care electronic medical record in 2012. Crude and age-adjusted incidence rates by sex, region of birth and type of injury were calculated.

[Monitoring social determinants of health].

Public health surveillance is the systematic and continuous collection, analysis, dissemination and interpretation of health-related data for planning, implementation and evaluation of public health initiatives. Apart from the health system, social determinants of health include the circumstances in which people are born, grow up, live, work and age, and they go a long way to explaining health inequalities. A surveillance system of the social determinants of health requires a comprehensive and social overview of health.

Influenza vaccination coverages among high risk subjects and health care workers in Spain. Results of two consecutive National Health Surveys (2011-2014).

Objectives: We aim to describe influenza vaccination coverage for the Spanish population using data from two consecutive nation-wide representative health surveys. The data was analysed by high risk groups, health care workers (HCWs) and immigrants. Also, coverage trends were analysed.

[Contextual indicators to assess social determinants of health and the Spanish economic recession].

Objective: To provide indicators to assess the impact on health, its social determinants and health inequalities from a social context and the recent economic recession in Spain and its autonomous regions.

Methods: Based on the Spanish conceptual framework for determinants of social inequalities in health, we identified indicators sequentially from key documents, Web of Science, and organisations with official statistics. The information collected resulted in a large directory of indicators which was reviewed by an expert panel.

[Study protocol on the effect of the economic crisis on mortality and reproductive health and health inequalities in Spain].

The aim is to present the protocol of the two sub-studies on the effect of the economic crisis on mortality and reproductive health and health inequalities in Spain. Substudy 1: describe the evolution of mortality and reproductive health between 1990 and 2013 through a longitudinal ecological study in the Autonomous Communities. This study will identify changes caused by the economic crisis in trends or reproductive health and mortality indicators using panel data (17 Autonomous Communities per study year) and adjusting Poisson models with random effects variance.

Age and gender differences in Clostridium difficile-related hospitalization trends in Madrid (Spain) over a 12-year period.

This study aimed to analyze temporal trends by gender and age in Clostridium difficile infection (CDI)-related hospitalization rates in the Autonomous Community of Madrid (Spain) over a 12-year period. A population-based cross-sectional study of all hospital admissions with a CDI diagnosis from 2003 to 2014 was carried out. Annual age-specific hospitalization rates were calculated by gender.