Excised human larynx in N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone-embalmed cadavers can produce voiced sound by pliable vocal fold vibration.

Tissue-hardening effect and health-hazard issue of formaldehyde (FA) have long been a great disadvantage of this conventional fixative in anatomical research. We recently developed a FA-free embalming method for cadavers which utilizes N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (NVP) and enables assessment of motion kinetics by maintaining the softness of embalmed tissue. By assessing the feasibility of NVP-embalmed tissue to mimic vocalization, this study aimed to prove the potential of embalmed cadavers, which have previously been used only for the understanding of anatomical morphology, for the assessment of precise motion physiology in the human body.

Source and Filter Acoustic Measures of Young, Middle-Aged and Elderly Adults for Application in Vowel Synthesis.

Introduction: The output sound has important changes throughout life due to anatomical and physiological modifications in the larynx and vocal tract. Understanding the young adult to the elderly speech acoustic characteristics may assist in the synthesis of representative voices of men and women of different age groups.

Objective: To obtain the fundamental frequency (f), formant frequencies (F, F, F, F), and bandwidth (B, B, B, B) values extracted from the sustained vowel /a/ of young, middle-aged, and elderly adults who are Brazilian Portuguese speakers; to present the application of these parameters in vowel synthesis.

Effects of Superomedial Partial Arytenoidectomy on Incomplete Posterior Glottal Closure Caused by Arytenoid Positional Asymmetry in Excised Human Larynges.

Objectives: To analyze the effects that arytenoid positional asymmetry has on posterior glottic closure and to determine whether superomedial partial arytenoidectomy (SPA) can provide a benefit in cases of such asymmetry.

Methods: In this experimental study, we evaluated posterior glottic closure in 10 larynges freshly excised from human cadavers, measuring the distance between the vocal processes before and after artificially simulated positional asymmetry of the arytenoid cartilages. We then performed SPA, after which we again measured the distance between the vocal processes.

Bipedicled Vocal Fold Mucosal Flap: An Experimental Study.

Objective: To determine the dimensions of mucosal defects that can be covered by a bipedicled vocal fold mucosal flap.

Methods: We used 20 adults human larynges (10 of each gender) excised from cadavers, divided into 2 groups of 10 larynges (5 of each gender) each. In one group (the normal flap group), we created the largest possible bipedicled vocal fold mucosal flap and then quantified the dimensions of the largest defect that could be covered by displacing the flap medially.

Bipedicled Vocal Fold Mucosal Flap Use in Phonomicrosurgery: Case Series.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to present a novel surgical technique involving the use of a "bipedicled vocal fold mucosal flap" to repair a mucosal defect and to evaluate the outcomes of patients in whom it was used.

Material And Methods: This was a retrospective study of 6 clinical cases. All patients underwent surgery between November 2000 and July 2018, and all procedures were performed by the same surgeon.

Variant of the Technique for Laryngeal Microsurgery in Cases of Difficult Laryngoscopy.

 Low exposure of the larynx can make laryngeal microsurgery difficult or even impossible. The application of rigid and contact endoscopy enabled oblique and retrograde angled visualization, allowing transoperative staging with greater reach of the anatomical areas. However, there is difficulty or even impossibility of performing the surgical act, due to the incompatibility of the angled path with the straight surgical tools.

Fundamental Frequency in Excised Human Larynges after Anterior Glottic Web Formation of Various Extents.

Objective: To determine the effect of vocal fold anterior web formation on fundamental frequency with a cadaveric excised larynx model.

Study Design: Experimental study with excised human larynges.

Setting: Academic tertiary care hospital.

Isolated Paresis of Laryngeal Adduction: What Are the Laryngoscopic and Stroboscopic Findings?

Objectives/hypothesis: This study aimed to describe the videolaryngostroboscopic (VLS) findings in a cohort of patients with isolated paresis of laryngeal adduction and identify predictive variables that may be related to voice recovery.

Study Design: Chart review and VLS analysis of dysphonic patients diagnosed with isolated paresis of laryngeal adduction by laryngeal electromyography (LEMG).

Methods: Demographic, clinical, VLS, and LEMG findings were analyzed according to the outcome of dysphonia.

The Influence of Auditory Feedback and Vocal Rehabilitation on Prelingual Hearing-Impaired Individuals Post Cochlear Implant.

Objective: To verify changes in the perceptual and acoustic vocal parameters in prelingual hearing-impaired adults with cochlear implants after vocal rehabilitation.

Hypothesis: Auditory feedback restoration alone after cochlear implant is not enough for vocal adjustments. A targeted and specific voice therapy intervention is required.

Voice deviation, dysphonia risk screening and quality of life in individuals with various laryngeal diagnoses.

Objectives: To characterize the voice quality of individuals with dysphonia and to investigate possible correlations between the degree of voice deviation (D) and scores on the Dysphonia Risk Screening Protocol-General (DRSP), the Voice-Related Quality of Life (V-RQOL) measure and the Voice Handicap Index, short version (VHI-10).

Methods: The sample included 200 individuals with dysphonia. Following laryngoscopy, the participants completed the DRSP, the V-RQOL measure, and the VHI-10; subsequently, voice samples were recorded for auditory-perceptual and acoustic analyses.

Vocal Tract Adjustments of Dysphonic and Non-Dysphonic Women Pre- and Post-Flexible Resonance Tube in Water Exercise: A Quantitative MRI Study.

Objective: To compare vocal tract (VT) adjustments of dysphonic and non-dysphonic women before and after flexible resonance tube in water exercise (FRTWE) at rest and during phonation using magnetic resonance imaging.

Study Design: Prospective study.

Methods: Twenty women, aged 20-40 years, 10 dysphonic with vocal nodules (VNG) and 10 controls (CG), underwent four sets of sagittal VT MRI: two pre-FRTWE, at rest and during phonation, and two post-FRTWE, during phonation and at rest.

High-speed Videolaryngoscopy: Quantitative Parameters of Glottal Area Waveforms and High-speed Kymography in Healthy Individuals.

Objectives: We conducted a study to obtain quantitative parameters of the vocal dynamic using high-speed videolaryngoscopy and to characterize the vocal fold vibration pattern of healthy individuals by analyzing glottal area waveforms and high-speed kymography.

Methods: Laryngeal images of 45 healthy individuals were captured using high-speed videolaryngoscopy. The open and speed quotients of the glottal area waveforms and high-speed kymography were obtained and statistically analyzed according to the gender of each individual.

Perturbation Measurements on the Degree of Naturalness of Synthesized Vowels.

Objective: To determine the impact of jitter and shimmer on the degree of naturalness perception of synthesized vowels produced by acoustical simulation with glottal pulses (GP) and with solid model of the vocal tract (SMVT).

Study Design: Prospective study.

Methods: Synthesized vowels were produced in three steps: 1.

Impact of Cricothyroid Muscle Contraction on Vocal Fold Vibration: Experimental Study with High-Speed Videoendoscopy.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of cricothyroid muscle contraction on vocal fold vibration, as evaluated with high-speed videoendoscopy, and to identify one or more aspects of vocal fold vibration that could be used as an irrefutable indicator of unilateral cricothyroid muscle paralysis.

Study Design: This was an experimental study employing excised human larynges.

Methods: Twenty freshly excised human larynges were evaluated during artificially produced vibration.

Surgical approach to the thyroarytenoid branch of the inferior laryngeal nerve through the thyroid cartilage.

Purpose: To describe the anatomical course of the intralaryngeal portion of the inferior laryngeal nerve (ILN) and to standardize the surgical access to its thyroarytenoid branch (TAb) through the thyroid cartilage.

Methods: Under surgical microscopy, 33 adult human excised larynges were dissected, to expose the intralaryngeal portion of ILN. The point of entry of TAb, ILN's terminal branch, in the thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle was determined and correlated with thyroid cartilage dimensions.

Correlation of the Dysphonia Severity Index (DSI), Consensus Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Voice (CAPE-V), and Gender in Brazilians With and Without Voice Disorders.

Objectives: This study aims to analyze the Dysphonia Severity Index (DSI) in Brazilians with or without voice disorders and investigate DSI's correlation with gender and auditory-perceptual evaluation data obtained via the Consensus Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Voice (CAPE-V) protocol.

Study Design: A total of 66 Brazilian adults from both genders participated in the study, including 24 patients with dysphonia confirmed on laryngeal examination (dysphonic group [DG]) and 42 volunteers without voice or hearing complaints and without auditory-perceptual voice disorders (nondysphonic group [NDG]).

Methods: The vocal tasks included in CAPE-V and DSI were performed and recorded.

Cutaneous Application of Silicone Wafers Containing Carbon Microcoils: Efficacy in Relieving Chronic Muscle Tension and Pain.

Background: Chronic musculoskeletal pain is highly prevalent worldwide.

Primary Study Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Helical(®) microcoils, a new, noninvasive treatment for chronic musculoskeletal pain.

Design: This was a prospective, observational study.

Improvement of vocal pathologies diagnosis using high-speed videolaryngoscopy.

Introduction The study of the dynamic properties of vocal fold vibration is important for understanding the vocal production mechanism and the impact of organic and functional changes. The advent of high-speed videolaryngoscopy (HSV) has provided the possibility of seeing the real cycle of vocal fold vibration in detail through high sampling rate of successive frames and adequate spatial resolution. Objective To describe the technique, advantages, and limitations of using HSV and digital videokymography in the diagnosis of vocal pathologies.

Effect of sugarcane biopolymer in vocal fold of rabbits. Comparative study with calcium hydroxyapatite.

Purpose: To compare the inflammatory reaction caused by the injection of a sugarcane biopolymer (SCB) into the vocal fold of rabbits with that caused by calcium hydroxyapatite (CaH).

Methods: CaH (Radiesse(r)) and SCB gel were injected respectively into the right and left vocal cords of thirty rabbits. The rabbits were distributed into two equal groups and sacrificed at three and twelve weeks after injection.

Cognitive Vocal Program applied to individuals with signals presbylarynx: preliminary results.

Purpose: To propose and verify the feasibility of a vocal program intervention in patients with presbylarynx signs with or without vocal complaints.

Method: Among 20 elder participants of the current research, 3 female patients with median age of 67 years were chosen for the pilot study. Laryngological examination, vocal recording with CAPE-V (Consensus Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Voice) protocol, and Screening Protocol of Risk of Dysphonia (SPRD) were conducted before and after the program intervention.

Comparative analysis of vocal fold vibration using high-speed videoendoscopy and digital kymography.

Objectives: To compare high-speed videoendoscopy (HSV) and digital kymography (DKG) in the vocal fold vibration analysis of normophonic women with no vocal fold abnormalities.

Study Design: Prospective study comparing quantitative parameters extracted by HSV and DKG.

Methods: Eighteen normophonic women whose age ranged from 18 to 45 years participated in the study.

Graphical evaluation of vocal fold vibratory patterns by high-speed videolaryngoscopy.

Objective: To characterize the voice and vocal fold function of an individual, it is essential to evaluate vocal fold vibration. The most widely used method for this purpose has been videolaryngoscopy.

Methods: This article proposes a digital image processing algorithm to estimate the glottal area (ie, the space between the vocal folds) and produce graphs of the opening and closing phases of the glottal cycle.