A glance at Spanish embryology and teratology during the XX century through the academic life of Francisco Orts-Llorca (1905-1993).

Francisco Ort-Llorca (1905-1993) was one of the most outstanding Spanish embryologists of the XX century. He was disciple of Henri Rouvire in Paris (France), Alfred Fischel in Vienna (Austria), Walther Vogt in Munich (Germany) and Pedro Ara in Madrid (Spain). From 1935, he was professor of Human Anatomy at the Faculty of Medicine of Cadiz, belonged then to the University of Seville (accidentally, in the University of Valencia, during the Spanish Civil War from 1936-1939) and, later on, at the Faculty of Medicine of Madrid (Complutense University) from 1954 to 1975.

Persistence of tracer in the application site--a potential confounding factor in nerve regeneration studies.

Selective reinnervation of peripheral targets after nerve injury might be assessed by injecting a first tracer in a target before nerve injury to label the original neuronal population, and applying a second tracer after the regeneration period to label the regenerated population. However, altered uptake of tracer, fading, and cell death may interfere with the results. Furthermore, if the first tracer injected remains in the target tissue, available for "re-uptake" by misdirected regenerating axons, which originally innervated another region, then the identification of the original population would be confused.

Arthroscopic anatomy of the posterior ankle ligaments.

Purpose: Our objective was to define the arthroscopic anatomy of the posterior ankle ligaments.

Type Of Study: Anatomic study.

Methods: Twenty fresh-frozen feet were dissected in order to examine the morphology of the posterior ankle ligaments and their variations.