Epidemiological, clinical and mortality trends in people with HIV over 60 years in the PISCIS population-based cohort from Catalonia and Balearic Islands.

Objective: With HIV now a chronic condition and an aging population, understanding the evolving profiles of older people with HIV (PWH) is crucial. In this longitudinal study, we examined changes in epidemiological and mortality trends among aging PWH aged 60 and above from 1998 to 2021.

Design: The study constructed four retrospective cohorts based on our calendar periods, reflecting the changing epidemiology of HIV - 1998-2003, 2004-2008, 2009-2014, and 2015-2021.

Blood CD45/CD3 lymphocyte-released extracellular vesicles and mortality in hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019.

Background: The global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) represented a major public health concern. Growing evidence shows that plasma of COVID-19 patients contains large numbers of circulating extracellular vesicles (cEVs) that correlate with disease severity and recovery. In this study, we sought to characterize the longitudinal cEV signature in critically ill COVID-19 patients during hospitalization and its relation to mortality risk.

Evolving trends in neuropsychological profiles of post COVID-19 condition: A 1-year follow-up in individuals with cognitive complaints.

Cognitive difficulties are reported as lasting sequelae within post COVID-19 condition. However, the chronicity of these difficulties and related factors of fatigue, mood, and perceived health have yet to be fully determined. To address this, the current longitudinal study aimed to clarify the trends of cognitive test performance and cognitive domain impairment following COVID-19 onset, and whether hospitalization influences outcomes.

Identifying risk factors for anal cancer in people with HIV in Spain: a multicentre retrospective cohort study nested in the PISCIS cohort.

Background: People with HIV have a substantially higher risk of anal cancer than the general population. We aimed to identify risk factors associated with the development of anal cancer among people with HIV to implement more effective and targeted screening strategies.

Methods: We conducted a multicentre retrospective cohort study in 16 hospitals across Catalonia and the Balearic Islands, Spain, between Jan 1, 1998, and Dec 31, 2022.

CD66b/CD68 circulating extracellular vesicles, lactate dehydrogenase and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio can differentiate coronavirus disease 2019 severity during and after infection.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been a major public health burden. We hypothesised that circulating extracellular vesicles (cEVs), key players in health and disease, could trace the cell changes during COVID-19 infection and recovery. Therefore, we studied the temporal trend of cEV and inflammatory marker levels in plasma samples of COVID-19 patients that were collected within 24 h of patient admission (baseline, n = 80) and after hospital discharge at day-90 post-admission (n = 59).

Multiomics plasma effects of switching from triple antiretroviral regimens to dolutegravir plus lamivudine.

Introduction: The DOLAM trial revealed that switching from triple antiretroviral therapy (three-drug regimen; 3DR) to dolutegravir plus lamivudine (two-drug regimen; 2DR) was virologically non-inferior to continuing 3DR after 48 weeks of follow-up. Weight increased with 2DR relative to 3DR but it did not impact on metabolic parameters.

Methods: Multiomics plasma profile was performed to gain further insight into whether this therapy switch might affect specific biological pathways.

Major cardiovascular events after COVID-19 in people with HIV.

Objectives: To assess the effect of COVID-19 on the postacute risk of cardiovascular events (CVEs) among people with HIV (PWH).

Methods: Population-based matched cohort, including all PWH ≥16 years in the Catalan PISCIS HIV cohort. We estimated the incidence rate of the first CVE after COVID-19, analysed it a composite outcome (2020-2022).

Heavy antiretroviral exposure and exhausted/limited antiretroviral options: predictors and clinical outcomes.

Objectives: People with HIV and extensive antiretroviral exposure may have limited/exhausted treatment options (LExTO) due to resistance, comorbidities, or antiretroviral-related toxicity. Predictors of LExTO were investigated in the RESPOND cohort.

Methods: Participants on ART for at least 5 years were defined as having LExTO when switched to at least two anchor agents and one third antiretroviral (any class), a two-drug regimen of two anchor agents (excluding rilpivirine with dolutegravir/cabotegravir), or at least three nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.

A Randomized Trial of Dolutegravir Plus Darunavir/Cobicistat as a Switch Strategy in HIV-1-Infected Patients With Resistance to at Least 2 Antiretroviral Classes.

Background: Suppressed patients with drug-resistant HIV-1 require effective and simple antiretroviral therapy to maintain treatment adherence and viral suppression.

Methods: This randomized, open-label, noninferiority, multicenter pilot study involved HIV-infected adults who met the following criteria: confirmed HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL for ≥6 months preceding the study randomization, treatment with at least 3 antiretroviral drugs, and a history of drug resistance mutations against at least 2 antiretroviral classes but remaining fully susceptible to darunavir (DRV) and integrase inhibitors. Participants were randomized 1:1 to switch to dolutegravir (DTG; 50 mg once per day) plus DRV boosted with cobicistat (DRV/c; 800/150 mg once per day; 2D group) or continue with their baseline regimen (standard-of-care [SOC] group).

Decay of HIV RNA in Seminal Plasma and Rectal Fluid in Treatment-Naive Adults Starting Antiretroviral Therapy With Dolutegravir Plus Lamivudine or Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide.

Background: Decay of HIV in seminal plasma (SP) and rectal fluid (RF) has not yet been described for the antiretroviral combination of dolutegravir (DTG) + lamivudine (3TC).

Methods: In this randomized multicenter pilot trial, males who were antiretroviral naive were randomized (2:1) to DTG + 3TC or bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (BIC/FTC/TAF). HIV-1 RNA was measured in blood plasma (BP), SP, and RF at baseline; days 3, 7, 14, and 28; and weeks 12 and 24.

Effectiveness and safety of integrase strand transfer inhibitors in Spain: a prospective real-world study.

Introduction: Second-generation integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) are preferred treatment options worldwide, and dolutegravir (DTG) is the treatment of choice in resource-limited settings. Nevertheless, in some resource-limited settings, these drugs are not always available. An analysis of the experience with the use of INSTIs in unselected adults living with HIV may be of help to make therapeutic decisions when second-generation INSTIs are not available.

Cardiovascular events in delayed presentation of HIV: the prospective PISCIS cohort study.

Objectives: People with HIV (PWH) have a higher cardiovascular risk than the general population. It remains unclear, however, whether the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is higher in late HIV presenters (LP; CD4 ≤ 350 cells/μL at HIV diagnosis) compared to PWH diagnosed early. We aimed to assess the rates of incident cardiovascular events (CVEs) following ART initiation among LP compared to non-LP.

Acute Bacterial Meningitis in Healthy Adult Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Unlabelled: Spontaneous bacterial meningitis (BM) is more common among patients with underlying conditions, but its characteristics in previously healthy patients are not well described. We analyzed the time trends of BM in terms of characteristics, and outcomes in patients without comorbidities.

Patients And Methods: Single-center, prospective observational cohort study of 328 adults with BM hospitalized in a tertiary university hospital in Barcelona (Spain).

Adipose tissue plasticity in pheochromocytoma patients suggests a role of the splicing machinery in human adipose browning.

Adipose tissue from pheochromocytoma patients acquires brown fat features, making it a valuable model for studying the mechanisms that control thermogenic adipose plasticity in humans. Transcriptomic analyses revealed a massive downregulation of splicing machinery components and splicing regulatory factors in browned adipose tissue from patients, with upregulation of a few genes encoding RNA-binding proteins potentially involved in splicing regulation. These changes were also observed in cell culture models of human brown adipocyte differentiation, confirming a potential involvement of splicing in the cell-autonomous control of adipose browning.

Who is lost to follow-up in HIV care? Assessment of care retention over time and the impact of COVID-19. Longitudinal analysis of the PISCIS cohort.

Introduction: People living with HIV who are lost to follow-up have a greater risk of health deterioration, mortality, and community transmission.

Objective: Our aim was to analyse both how rates of loss to follow-up (LTFU) changed between 2006 and 2020 and how the COVID-19 pandemic affected these rates in the PISCIS cohort study of Catalonia and the Balearic Islands.

Methods: We analysed socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of LTFU yearly and with adjusted odds ratios to assess the impact of these determinants on LTFU in 2020 (the year of COVID-19).

Analysis of the costs associated with the follow-up of HIV patients discontinuing antiretroviral treatment due to lack of effectiveness or unacceptable toxicity in Spain.

Objective: To assess the use of resources and the costs associated with  following up patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus after  discontinuation of an antiretroviral treatment and initiation of a new one due to  a lack of effectiveness or unacceptable toxicity, as compared to the costs  involved in the routine follow-up of patients on antiretroviral treatment, from  the Spanish National Health System perspective. Method: The use of resources (clinical tests, medical visits, and hospital pharmacy visits) associated with following three profiles of patients  infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (stable ones, those  discontinuing an existing antiretroviral treatment and being switched to a new  one due to a lack of effectiveness, and those discontinuing an existing antiretroviral treatment and being switched to a new one due to  unacceptable toxicity) was identified, based on clinical practice guidelines and  the findings of a multidisciplinary expert panel (n = 5). The experts agreed on  the main adverse events leading to discontinuation, classifying them into  gastrointestinal, renal, osseous, musculoskeletal, dermatological, hepatic, lipid  profile-related, neuropsychiatric and sexual alterations.